measures

Five lives have been charged at work for not taking prevention measures

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Spain is living Your first heat wave of the year And, with her the reminders about him High risk of heat blows and other occupational accidents such as high temperatures results. Spain is traditionally territory acclimatized at high temperaturesand therefore it tends to belittle the risk of exposing yourself to the sun or ignoring the episodes of high temperatures. At the moment, the four days of the heat wave that punishes Spain It has already been charged The life of five workers For heat blows, according to The latest data of ccoo. Work abroad and poorly conditioned places. According to CCOO information, four of the five victims killed in accidents at work, showed Symptoms of having suffered heat blows as a consequence of performing outdoors and hours of maximum exposure to heat. The fifth deceased was inside an industrial ship without sufficient ventilation or thermal protection, which makes these facilities Horn during the summer and in fridge during the winter. According to collected statements by him Eldiario.es “He said that his head hurt and that he was going to the service. When they went to look for him he was lying on the ground, they tried to revive him, but he had died.” Sources of CCOO said that “the ship has a plate roof, it is not divided and does not have air conditioning, so the heat is concentrated. José had told us that they were very hot in summer and cold in winter, and we had denounced it to the company.” Prevention is not a whim. After the modifications of the Occupational Risk Prevention Law applied in 2023 by the Royal Decree-Law 4/2023a series of prevention measures designed specifically to protect employees during the increasingly common episodes of high temperatures were established. Unlike other occupational hazards, heat episodes They are predictable Thanks to meteorological forecasts, so companies can (and must) apply action plans to adapt to them. In article 4.2 of the Workers Statuteit is established that the company must guarantee employees “their physical integrity and an adequate policy of occupational risk prevention”, while the Occupational Risk Prevention Law It demands that companies “take appropriate measures for the protection of workers who work outdoors or in places that cannot be closed.” In addition, the regulations contemplate the extreme to be able to temporarily cancel work activity “in those cases where the proper protection of the working person cannot be guaranteed.” It all starts when the Aemet gives the notice. 2023 regulations establish that the State Meteorology Agency (Aemet) will be responsible for establishing the alert level that forces companies to activate different protocols by high temperatures. When this organism activates the alerts of orange level or red level by episodes of high temperatures, companies of the affected territories For that alert they must activate their Occupational Risk Prevention Protocols due to thermal stress. Such and As I remembered The Minister of Labor and Social Economy, that activation indicates that companies are bound by law A: Facilitate time flexibility or redistribute the day To avoid maximum exposure hours. This is achieved well advancing the time of entry or delaying the usual departure time, as well as changing the activity to adequate interior areas or with lower exposure to high temperatures. When it is not viable to adapt the working day, the company can choose to reduce the day during the alert periods, being able to recover that adjustment time when the heat episode ends. The most drastic measure is the total interruption of the working day when none of the previous relief measures can be applied, but it is mandatory if the climatic conditions can put the health of employees at risk. Interior heat prevention. Not being exposed to the direct sun does not mean that heat strokes cannot occur, especially in places like kitchens o jobs in which you are exposed to heat sources. He Annex III of Royal Decree 486/1997of April 14, establishes the minimum provisions of safety and prevention of thermal stress for work that must be carried out indoors. In general terms, limits between 17 and 27 are established for sedentary work and between 14 to 25º for light jobs, as well as sufficient ventilation and air conditioning systems for Maintain that temperature throughout the working day. Responsibilities and obligations. In case of extreme heat episodes, the regulations establish that companies are responsible for the application of adequate prevention measures to protect employees from thermal stress. Failure to comply with that responsibility involves sanctions for the company ranging from 2,451 euros to 49,180 euros for infractions considered serious, and up to 983,736 euros for very serious infractions. On the other hand, employees have the obligation to ensure compliance and denounce their breach, in addition to adopting Other additional protection measureshow to maintain a Adequate hydration although it is not thirsty during the most heat episodes and respecting the rest times in fresh places. In Xataka | There is heat wave, you work less: what does the law say exactly on the workday under extreme temperatures Image | Unspash (Nik)

There is so much demand for fish in China that has opted for drastic measures: two "aircraft carrier" as a hatchery

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We already said it in 2022: China is hungry for fish. So much, that they have been accused of cleaning half -world folders. FAO says that almost a third of tons produced by world fishing They are related to China And hundreds of Chinese fishing have already been seen sweeping the waters of Peru. Beyond fishermen, Chinese shipyards are building huge ships focused on fish breeding on the high seas, endowed with the latest technology and hope: to help satisfy that Fish appetite. And they are so big that one of them has been nicknamed “fish breeding aircraft carrier.” Wan quing ding. This is the first protagonist. Thrown with success on May 27 (something of what North Korea could take note), the wan qu ling ding is the next great step of the aquaculture industry In China. As we read in China DailyThe Jiangmen Hangtong Shipbuilding Co. shipyard will deliver the ship to Zhuhai Ocean Development Group Co. in August and it will then be when it is mole 155.8 meters long and 44 meters wide can start producing. Beyond its dimensions, what attracts attention are Breeding pools. It has 12 independent compartments and has a capacity of 80,000 m³. This is equivalent to 32 Olympic swimming pools and this floating fish farm is expected to produce between 3,000 and 5,000 metric tons of fish every year. It is what a land fish farm of 3.33 million m² would do. In Xataka We are drugping the salmon with cocaine and anxiolytics. And that is causing them to behave strangely Intelligent aquaculture. The goal is for the ship to focus on the raven of species of high value in the Chinese market, such as the Golden Palometahe Seriola or the mereand it will be support for both internal and Tourism. To its dimensions and breeding capacity is added a water exchange system with the maritime zone in which it is located, something that helps increase the Fish quality. Each of the compartments has a system of sensors and automatisms that control everything. It has automatic food systems, but also something very curious. The swimming pools are semi -submersed in seawater and, if they detect Abrupt temperature changes in water o Contamination, those ‘swimming pools’ rise to reduce water resistance and that the ship can quickly move to safer waters. Almost total autonomy. Beyond their breeding capabilities, what attracts attention is autonomy. According to those responsible, electrical propulsion allows something they have called “autonomous maritime nomadism.” It has 2,000 nautical miles of autonomy and systems for autonomously navigateavoiding natural disasters such as typhons. You can also select the best waters of the breeding at all times and have equipped the wan qu ling ding with a Wind Generation System of 20 kW that can cover the entire electricity consumption of aquaculture systems. In this video we can see the Automatic and Water Filter system of a similar ship, the Guoxin-1: Your Hai No. 1. Almost in parallel, the Huangpu Wenchong shipyard of Guangzhou has built what they say is the first ship in the world dedicated exclusively to salmon breeding. His Hai No. 1 is a huge 250 -meter length ship and specializes in the salmon breeding. As in the wan qu ling ding, it has sensors and automatisms to quickly relocate in safer waters to Avoid pollution And, after a first test in April, it is expected to start working in June. Salmon independence. Its production capacity is imposing: up to 8,000 tons per year, with the ability to deliver Fresh salmon already processed in some national markets in 24 hours thanks to the built -in plant. And, even if it may not seem like it, this is the Hai No. 1 is of vital importance in Chinese geopolitics. The reason? As we read in SCMPit is estimated that more than 80% of salmon by Chinese consumers depends on imports. In 2024 they imported 100,000 tons and is expected to exceed 200,000 tons for 2030. Therefore, with large ships AquaculttersChina seeks to independent its fish supply and stabilize that chain in an international panorama that, as tariffs are demonstrating us, commercial relations can be truncated at any time. In Xataka A "stable macro" Floating: the ship that transports more than 75,000 sheep through the oceans And it is something that has become a national strategy, since the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China public In 2023 a series of guidelines to promote marine aquaculture. Images | SALMAR In Xataka | China and Russia have allied with a clear purpose: the exploitation of the kril while the rest of the world arches the eyebrow (Function () {Window._js_modules = Window._js_modules || {}; var headelement = document.getelegsbytagname (‘head’) (0); if (_js_modules.instagram) {var instagramscript = Document.Createlement (‘script’); }}) (); – The news There is so many demand for fish in China that has opted for drastic measures: two “aircraft carrier” as a hatchery It was originally posted in Xataka by Alejandro Alcolea .

There is already an autonomous community taking note of the blackout and putting measures to avoid it: Catalonia

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The electrical invoice It has risen After the blackout for the reinforcement system, but the real challenge is not only in reinforcing the system, but in transforming it. Catalonia has understood and got to work. Short. The Government of Catalonia has approved by urgent a new decree-law with the aim of increasing the resilience of the electrical system. The standard introduces reforms both in energy legislation and urban regulations to facilitate energy transition. Specifically, it modifies Decree Law 16/2019, oriented to climate emergency, and adapts the regulatory framework to accommodate energy storage through batteries. A double purpose. On the one hand, it streamlines the administrative process of renewable energy projects. On the other hand, and pioneer, regulates the installation of high -power batteries, both independent (Stand Alone) as hybridized with solar and wind farms. In addition, the Catalan Government has decided to grant these infrastructure the condition of higher public interest, which allows them to be installed even on non -urbanizable land, by legally equating them with technical services of public utility. This measure responds to an old demand for the energy storage sector in Spain, As it took place in the AEPIBAL Day. Treading the accelerator. The Generalitat has processed 94 Energy storage projects through batteries. Of these, 87 are independent and add up to 920 MW, while the other 7 are hybridized with renewable facilities and provide additional 22 MW. Catalonia thus becomes one of the first communities to create a specific regulatory framework for these technologies. The rest trapped in an obsolete framework. As experts in the energy sector pointed out To Xatakathe storage problem is not only technical, but also regulatory and economic. Today, batteries that are not linked to self -consumption cannot participate in balance markets, which hinders their profitability and slows its mass implementation. However, beyond the regulations, the future of storage will also depend on technological and economic evolution. Technologies like him Grid formingwhich allows batteries to stabilize the network imitating the inertia of traditional centrals, or the development of local micro -redes Able to operate autonomously, they are already being successfully tested. Criticisms have jumped. Battery deployment has also aroused social and critical resistance resistance. According to publicsome groups have warned of the risk that the energy transition becomes a new form of extractivism, without rethinking the consumption model. Specifically they have accused the project of the Korean company Lotte in Mont-Roig of the Camp. In addition, organizations such as the Observatori del Deute in Globalització (ODG) have remembered the same medium as the extraction of materials such as lithium, tungsten or sodium depends on mines in countries such as Chile or Australia, which reinforces the dependence of external resources and raises environmental and geopolitical dilemmas. A map yet to define. Catalonia wanted to advance with a strategy that seeks to combine energy resilience, administrative agility and technological impulse. Storage by batteries is not just a technical solution: it is an essential piece to balance an increasingly decentralized, renewable and exposed crisis system. The road is drawn. The question is whether the rest of Spain will know – and want – follow it on time. Image | Unspash and Unienergy technologies Xataka | The surprising thing is that the light is still on 99% of the time: the blackouts of Spain and London are a good example

Accumulated sediments are a huge problem for reservoirs. And in the Ebro they have taken drastic measures

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The reservoirs, both those for hydroelectric use and those for consumptive use, are a vital element in the hydrological panorama. However, for some time, experts warn of a problem that is aggravated over time and affects their functionality. He sediment problem. Half year of works. The works initiated last August to recover the drain of the Ebro reservoir will extend, predictably until 2026, according to They have indicated from The Montañés newspaper. The works, in addition to introducing improvements into one of the swamp drains, intend to recover their functionality from the accumulation of sediments in this. The tasks, explains the local newspaper, will require a team of divers for 3.5 meters of accumulated silt next to the drain gates. The works, with a budget of 2.5 million eurosthey will imply the installation in each of the ducts of the security gates with By-Pass and gates for the regulation of flows. The Arija swamp has two drains, one side and the other located in the dam. It is the latter that, as a consequence of the accumulation of sediments, has lost the ability to perform its function. Key reservoir. The Ebro or Pantano de Arija reservoir is a key element in the Ebro hydrographic basin. It is one of the largest reservoirs in this hydrographic demarcation (behind those of Mequinenza and Canelles). Located in the immediate vicinity of the Cantabrian city of Reinosa, the border between this Autonomous Community and that of Castilla y León in the province of Burgos. According to the latest datathe reservoir Albeca now 348 hm³ of water, 64.3% of its capacity (541 hm³). Some data that do not always reflect reality, precisely due to the problem of sediments. Limiting the capacity. The problem of sediments Not only does it affect the functionality of the drains of the reservoirs: they also limit their capacity. Decades of use have led to a significant accumulation of sludge and sediments in the reservoirs, sediments whose volume implies a significant reduction in the storage capacity of the swamps. Estimates of this loss vary significantly, but the most pessimistic talk about a loss of up to 40% of the volume In some basins. A study in 110 reservoirs launched a more optimistic but still alarming estimate, A loss of 5%. The latest rains seem to have helped reverse the drought situation that still affected some areas. However, our ability to prepare for the next drought is limited by this accumulation of sediments in the reservoirs. Where the sediments are missing. As if this were not enough, the problem of the sediments left over on one side is the problem of those missing in another. In this case, In the Ebro Delta. The Ebro delta is nothing more than the result of the accumulation of sediments dragged by the river current. The installation of numerous dams in this hydrographic basin has reduced the arrival of this matter to the mouth, which, together with the natural coastal erosion, has put the delta ecosystem at risk. An ecosystem on which not only depends the local fauna, but also a part of the agriculture and the economy of the region. In Xataka | In a corner of Andalusia the reservoirs are at 94% of their capacity. It seems excellent news, but it is not so much Image | Josu Aramberri, CC by-SA 3.0

After 48 years, Voyager probes are running out of plutonium. So NASA has taken extreme measures

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The emblematic Voyager 1 space probes and Voyager 2, launched almost 50 years ago, are running out of energy. In order not to lose them, NASA has made the decision to turn off two other instruments to extend its useful life. One less instrument in each Voyager. Last February 25, NASA reveals nowthe mission team turned off the cosmic rays subsystem of the Voyager 1 probe, which studied high -energy particles in the interstellar space. The instrument has been doing science all this time and in 2020 allowed first How electrons from the sun accelerate when bouncing in shock waves as they move outside the solar system. Voyager 1 is the object manufactured by humans that is farther from earth and that has been going into the interstellar space more time. On March 24, NASA will also turn off the instrument that measures low -energy loaded particles in the Voyager 2. These movements seek to reduce the energy consumption of the probes, which depend on a radioisotope generator whose plutonium is running out. Both lose about 4 watts of power every year. There are hardly any operational instruments. NASA has been turning off the functions of the Voyager to prolong your useful life. Of the 10 scientific instruments Originals, only three will continue to function in each of the twin probes, one of them for just a few months: The magnetometer: measures the strength and direction of the magnetic field in the confines of the solar system, helping to understand how the magnetic field of the sun and the magnetic field of interstellar space interact The plasma wave subsystem: detects electromagnetic and plasma waves, providing information on the density and plasma temperature in interstellar space In the Voyager 1, the instrument of low -energy loaded particles, which NASA plans to also deactivate at the end of 2025. In the Voyager 2, the cosmic rays subsystem, which will remain operational until 2026 A growing repair history. In May 2024, after six months without receiving legible scientific data due to the degradation of the internal memory of Voyager 1, NASA achieved restore information through a complex (And almost heroic) Software update. It had already passed in 2010 with Voyager 2, but on that occasion It was solved With a restart. Not only memory is failing. In September 2024, engineers had to light secondary propellants of the Voyager 1, inactive for decades, to correct the orientation of the probe due to an obstruction of its main engines, also the result of its longevity. The procedure implied careful temporal heating of inactive engines, but was successful and allowed to continue with the mission. NASA expects them to reach 2030. Suzanne Dodd, head of the Voyager project, said in a statement that turning off instruments is a crucial step to avoid the “premature” purpose of the mission. Thanks to these adjustments, both ships could continue to send scientific information at least until the 2030s, although with a progressive reduction of their abilities. As for the “premature”: the Voyager have widely overcome their original mission, whose initial plan was to explore Jupiter and Saturn. Thanks to excellence in their engineering and these constant adjustments, the ships have continued to work beyond what is expected, revealing unique information about interstellar space and heliopause, the region where the solar wind loses its influence. Images | POT In Xataka | The rescue of Voyager 1 has begun. With 8 kb of memory, a programming language of 1957 and an unimportant LAG

There is a 2% probability that the asteroid impact the earth, but we will not know how much it measures until the webb observes it

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He Asteroid 2024 YR4 He has aroused unusual interest since his discovery on December 27. Although the probability of impact with the earth remains very low, has risen from 1 to 2% As new observations are obtained. However, astronomers are having difficulty measuring their size and have decided to resort to the most powerful space telescope in history to get out of doubt. There is a problem in how an asteroid is measured. Until now, the size estimates of 2024 YR4 have oscillated between 40 and 90 meters in diameter, a too wide range to assess the danger that would represent an eventual impact with our planet. This lack of precision has a reason and is that The size of the asteroid is calculated from the reflected visible lighta method that depends on the reflectivity of its surface. 2024 YR4 could be an object of 40 meters very reflective or an object of 90 meters very dark. As well as any intermediate option. The James Webb space telescope to the rescue. Unlike other observatories, The 10,000 million dollar telescopeoperated by NASA, ESA and the Canadian space agency, does not observe the visible spectrum, but the infrared spectrum, and with an unprecedented sensitivity. Astronomers will allocate hours of webb use to analyze the infrared light emitted by the asteroid to obtain a more precise measurement of its size and temperature. With luck, it will allow them to discern whether 2024 YR4 is at the lower or upper end of the estimated range, crucial information to better evaluate the consequences of their unlikely but possible impact. Two rounds of observation are planned. Space agencies have foreseen Two rounds of crucial observations With the Webb Telescope. The first will take place in early March, when the asteroid is at its point of greatest brightness and visibility for the telescope. The second round, scheduled for May, will allow scientists to study how the object temperature varies as it moves away from the sun, in addition to continuing to obtain data on its trajectory when the object has ceased to be visible by terrestrial telescopes. Why fluctuate the probability of impact. The 2% estimate is the most up -to -date ES has provided so far (NASA publishes a 2.1% estimate). The figure varies constantly because the calculations have been incorporating new observations that reduce the uncertainty of their trajectory. These fluctuations are, in fact, typical behavior in the estimation of the impact risk of newly discovered objects. NASA planetary defense equipment and ESA are based on orbital dynamic systems (such as Scout, Sentry, Meerkat and Aegis) that generate multiple possible trajectories for the asteroid. As less likely orbits are discarded, targeting on Earth may increase the fraction of possible impacts, although, over time, additional observations allow the threat to definitively discard. If this were not the case with 2024 YR4, we would be talking about a meteorite that could fall in countries as populated as Colombia, Nigeria or India on January 22, 2032. Then we would start talking about a mission to divert it, a task in the that We already have some practice. Image | Two of the 18 mirrors of the Webb Telescope (NASA/C. GUNN) In Xataka | The impact probability of asteroid 2024 YR4 has risen to 1.6%. The UN has already activated a special protocol

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