lunar

It will be one of the longest lunar eclipses of the decade

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The Romans said “Origo” to refer to the origin, so they used “orior” as a verb born. From there came “Ortus” for the birth of the sun, better known as dawn. “Ortho” in Spanish is defined as the exit of a star by the horizon. And this Sunday, With the lunar eclipsethe moon will have a beautiful ortho. A total moon eclipse. Every year there are at least two lunar eclipses, but they are not always total. This Sunday, September 7, will be one of the longest in the decade, with a totality of 82 minutes visible from most Asia. It can also be seen already started From most of Spainwith the moon very low on the horizon. But it will not be visible from America. A lunar eclipse occurs when the earth is aligned between the sun and the moon in full moon phase, and its shadow is projected on the lunar disc. The earth’s shadow has two zones: the gloom, which darkens the moon subtly, and the umbra, which blocks sunlight. In the case of a partial eclipse, the umbra looks like a bite, and in the case of a total eclipse, the full moon darkens. A blood moon. During the totality phase, The moon can become redwhat is known as blood moon. Although the umbra blocks the sunlight, the Earth’s atmosphere refracts solar light filtered towards the satellite. In this case, the blue wavelengths are dispersed by a physical phenomenon known as Rayleight dispersion, hence the red tones predominate. The blood moon this Sunday will reach its most intense point at 20:11. If you are in Spain, the moon will be totally eclipsed, reddish color. Even so, with a clear horizon, you can see the best part of the show, especially from the Balearic Islands and the Mediterranean coast of the Peninsula. On the other hand, visibility will be low to the west, particularly in the Canary Islands and Western Galicia, where only the partial phase of the end of the eclipse can be seen. The full schedule of the eclipse. In the peninsular hour (UTC+2), the Moon will enter a gloom (slight darkening) on ​​Sunday at 17:28. The partial phase of the eclipse (the bite) will begin to be seen at 18:27, but only in the countries where the moon is already out. The totality phase (the moon is completely inside the Umbra) will begin at 19:31 and will end at 20:53. Then the partial phase will be repeated until 21:56 and the Penumbral until 22:55. What will be seen from Spain. The visible phases will depend on whether the moon is whether or not where you are. In Madrid, the Moon will leave at 20:35, so they can be seen about 18 minutes. In general, the moon will leave the horizon totally eclipsed and dyed red from most of the country, with the exception of western Galicia and Canary Islands, where only a partial eclipse will be seen. In Barcelona: 41 minutes of totality from 20:11 In Valencia: 32 minutes of totality from 20:20 In Seville: 10 minutes of totality from 20:42 In Zaragoza: 28 minutes of totality from 20:24 In Malaga: 17 minutes of totality from 20:35 In Murcia: 30 minutes of totality from 20:22 In Palma: 44 minutes of totality from 20:08 In Las Palmas: only partial from 20:15 (UTC+1) In Bilbao: 18 minutes of totality from 20:34 In Valladolid: 12 minutes of totality from 20:39 In Vigo: only partial from 20:56 In Gijón: 7 minutes of totality from 20:45 Where you have to look. Unlike a solar eclipse, seeing a lunar eclipse is totally safe with the naked eye and with prismatic. Since in Spain it coincides with the exit of the moon, it will be best to look for a place with the horizon is clear (a beach of the coast, a viewpoint, a roof …) and wait for the satellite to rise, already eclipsed and red, for the sky. Image | Liquidcrash (Flickr, CC by-SA 2.0) In Xataka | Total Eclipse of September 2025: When is it and how you can see it in Spain

What happened to lunar volcanoes

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An asteroid impact on the Moon started a fragment of the satellite surface and threw it into space. After a trip of thousands of years, the meteorite fell in northwest Africa, where it was discovered in February 2023. After two years of studies, it has helped cover a hole of one billion years in the lunar geological history. Context. Apollo missions brought 382 kg of lunar rocks to Earth. The analysis of these rocks told us that the moon had had a violent volcanic past, but that its inner fire had turned off about 3,000 million years ago. A much more recent mission, Chang’e 5, brought younger basalts, “barely” 2,000 million years. This still leaves us a huge hole of almost one billion years of lunar history in which we do not know what happened. Did volcanism go out and reactivated? The answer came to us. And it has arrived, as so many times in science, by chance. A lunar rock found in the Norafricano desert in 2023 has turned out to be the piece that was missing in the puzzle. He NWA 16286 Meteorite Analysispresented at the Goldschmidt conference in Prague, suggests that lunar volcanism was a much more continuous process than we thought. The lunar meteorite number 31. The protagonist of this story is a piece of soil of the moon of 311 grams, one of the only 31 lunar basalt meteorites officially identified on our planet. It was not brought by any astronaut or any probe, but reached the earth by its own foot. An asteroid impact on the moon started it from the satellite surface and threw it into space. After a trip of thousands of years, he fell in northwest Africa, where he was discovered in February 2023. Studying the rocks that the moon sends us for free is an incredibly valuable way to explore its geology, because the rocks of the sampling return missions are limited to the immediate areas of the places chosen for the moon landing. Lunar meteorites can be expelled from anywhere from the moon surface. There is a lot of serendipia in this sample. The missing piece. But the true importance of NWA 16286 resides in his age. He Lead isotope analysis He has dated the rock in about 2,350 million years. This makes it the youngest lunar basaltic meteorite ever discovered, and places it within that mysterious hole of one billion years in lunar volcanic history. The samples of NASA and Luna’s Apollo missions of the Soviet Union are between 3,100 and 4,000 million years. Those of the Chinese Chang’e-6 mission (from the hidden face of the moon) They are about 2,830 million years. Chinese mission shows Chang’e-5 (from the visible face of the moon) are about 2,030 million years. NWA 16286 is in the middle. Volcanic activity did not stop. The characteristics of the meteorite suggest that Lunar volcanic activity continued Throughout that time: the moon was not geologically dead. It is a basalt rich in olivine with unusually high levels of potassium. In addition, its “fingerprint” lead isotopic pointed out that it was formed from a source in the lunar mantle with a very high proportion of uranium-plaomo. Potassium and uranium are radioactive elements, as is the thorium. Its disintegration along eons generates a constant amount of heat. The theory, now reinforced by this rock, is that lunar mantle bags enriched in these elements acted as a residual heat engine that maintained parts of the interior of the moon hot enough to produce magma and feed volcanoes much after what was thought. What part of the moon came from? NWA 16286 has a different lithology from any known meteorite. It is believed that it came from a lunar sea so far not sampled. Its texture suggests a two -stage cooling story: a slow, perhaps in a magma camera, followed by an eruption in a lava flow of several tens of meters thick. This rock not only resolves an old mystery, but also serves as a guide. Analyzing their trajectory and composition will help scientists identify the crater of origin on the moon, marking a priority point of interest for future sampling return missions. And so is how a rock found in the desert is telling us where we have to go the next time we visit the moon. Image | SM BELARDO et al. In Xataka | There is a silent career to get the moon waves: dozens of companies have claimed part of their spectrum

A controversial hippie community wanted a remote place in which to celebrate its lunar party. And Huesca has chosen

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Abellada is A town of the municipal term of Sabiñánigo, in Huesca, which has just been swelling the growing list of ghost peoples of The emptied Spain. A quick look comes with the help of satellite photos of Google Maps to verify that today there are little more than a church and a handful of collapsed houseswith sunken roofs, naked beams and facades overcome by time and weeds. That has not prevented Abellada from being held today in the Aragonese press and nationaljust like did it in 2016. Then, like now, the person responsible is an organization that a priori has little to do with the Rural Oscense: the organization Rainbow communitybetter known by its original name in English, The Rainbow Family. What happened? The news He advanced it last week Diario del Alto Aragón: The rainbow community has chosen the ghost town of Abellada to celebrate one of its annual meetings, the Rainbow Gatheringswhich usually last a lunar cycle (more or less a month) and are organized with tents. In fact, The newspaper requiresthe town has already arrived in the town that will be in charge of setting up the “Seed Camp” and the Civil Guard Comandancia itself Recognize have proof of a “settlement of the rainbow community in the Guarguera area”. “Control of the people who go to the place,” they guarantee. But … who are they? The rainbow community is somewhat a “non -organization of non -members”, as defined by the unofficial website WELCOME HOME! “We have no leaders or organization. To be sincere, the rainbow family means different things for each person.” Hence it is not easy to define it. Broadly speaking, the group was founded in the 1970s, in the US, with a clear hippie inspiration and starting from a philosophy of nonviolence, egalitarianism, absence of hierarchies and respect for the environment. In their meetings they seek to share experiences of community coexistence outside the cities. In fact The collective insists in which it is formed by “people who love the mother earth” and want to “live in harmony with nature.” And what do they do? That link explains that the Rainbow Gatherings are held in remote places, in the middle of nature. In fact Diario del Alto Aragón assures That people who are arriving in the region travel aboard buses or doing Caketop to get as much as possible to Abellada. The rest of the road to the camp covers it on foot, guiding themselves with clues like fabrics tied to trees. Other of its most striking peculiarities is that some members (not all) They are nudists. In their meetings a basically vegan diet is practiced, they are not allowed Neither alcohol nor drugs and can deny the use of electrical devices or cameras. Meetings serve to meditate, play music or do yoga. Why are they news? That rainbow community decides to settle temporarily in the Rural of Huesca is striking in itself, but so far the news has been involved in controversy rather than by the meeting itself (or its content) by how it is organizing. Although at the beginning of May to subdelegation of the Government I recognized Being that “a group of people” planned to settle temporarily in Alto Gállego, the newspaper claimed last week that the rainbow community seems not to have requested permission. “In the region we have no request for authorization,” assured The entity. In An article Published today, eldiario.es affects that same idea: the settlement lacks official permits, which is especially relevant if it is taken into account where it is located: in the peripheral area of ​​protection of the protection of the protection of the protection of the protection of the protection of the protection of the protection of the protection of the protection of the protection of the protection of the protection of the protection of the Natural Park of the Sierra and Los Canons de Guara. In fact, the authorities of Alto Gállego have confirmed to the newspaper that in the entity there is still no record of any request for authorization. At the moment, yes, the sub -delegation confirms that the Civil Guard is “monitoring the situation”, especially to monitor the environmental regulations. And to date, he maintains, “no incident has occurred.” Is it the first time? No. Throughout the last years the rainbow community has already met in other parts of Spain, such as La Rioja, The Sierra de Grazalema either Cerulledain León. In fact, this is not the first time that its members visit Abellada. They already did during the summer 2016 (between July and August), when a hundred and a half people gathered in the abandoned village. The newspaper Herald dedicated them at the time A chronicle in which he explained that the camp had also mounted illegally and began to deploy around a bonfire in the Sierra de Guara Park. “Spanish anti -fire regulations do not allow fire. However, we believe that the natural environment is our home and the system is removing it,” reasoned Then one of the members of the community in one of his forums. “We don’t know who they are”. The memory of that camp has served to increase the controversy now. In 2016 the camp was accompanied by cars and vans that ended parked In the accesses to the villages of the Guarguera and complicating the passage through some roads, for the anger of the neighbors. “It is not just a matter of space, we do not know who they are or what impact they can have in the area,” warn now A resident to eldiario.es. Images | Wikipedia, Guano (Flickr) and Satemkemet (Flickr) In Xataka | Remote town of Segovia is sold for 180,000 euros. Just for what it shows on Google Maps is already worth it

The lunar map of Johannes Hevelius, the first satellite cartography published in 1647

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More and more countries achieve what until not too many decades seemed impossible: placing a satellite in The moon. To the difficult mission of sending a probe to hundreds of thousands of kilometers away we can add the double challenge of doing it in your hidden face, unlocked by China Some years ago. One side of the moon in permanent state of escapism to the naked eye. Unlike the hidden face, the one that we can always observe from our homes has been a reason for study and analysis for endless astronomers from several centuries ago. And in such special ephemeris it is worth remembering the first time in which human knowledge drew the known surface of the moon. A Polish did it from the roof of his house, and it took five years to complete the feat. We talked about Johannes Hevelius, Latinized form of Jan Heweliusz. Born in the current Gdańsk, once Danzig, Hevelius would publish in 1647 the first great Atlas of the Moon. Literally. His Selenographia, Sive Lunae Descriptionone of the most celebrated scientific books of the seventeenth century, compiled a good handful of detailed maps that disseminated among popular culture what other scientists and astronomers They suspected long ago. Color version Heweliusz undertook his work, in part, to complete the unfinished and still imperfect designs by Galileo at the beginning of the century. Son of a rich merchant Cervecer, Heweliusz had to attend family businesses first before devoting himself fully to astronomy. It was his unusual social position and his great wealth that allowed him Build telescopes precise and long -range that would install on the contiguous roofs of their homes in Gdańsk. Long night looking at the sky Of methodical procedure, Heweliusz combined in its publication a technical knowledge very high with a Artistic sense More than respectable. Our man inspected the lunar surface every night, Drawing by hand The apprehended reliefs and moving them to a copper plate later. The process of observation, drawing and printing would have almost a five years before being able to finish such a titanic task. With annotations. The result of his work is admirable today. Hevelius’s moon is a hand -drawn moon with great aesthetic sense and, at the same time, enormous astronomical value. On your maps, Heweliusz He proceeded to baptize The topographic characteristics of the satellite from the geographical accidents of the Earth. The Polish interpreted bays, deserts and meanders where there were only craters. Years later, Toponymic work of Giambattista Riccioli and Francesco Maria Grimaldi four years later, in 1615, the baptisms of Hevelius would expire. His maps, however, did survive, and served as a basis for many others elaborated by Other astronomers Europeans in later decades (such as Joanne Zahn in 1696 or Rost in 1723). Of course, the publication had A great tour and caused the usual scandal in the ecclesiastical estate. Hevelius, Polish and therefore Catholic, followed the teachings of another famous compatriot, Copernicus, and believed that the earth Orbitaba Around the sun. Another map included by Hevelius. At that time the representatives of God on earth were not in a position to accept the truth (a patent thing in their recent judgment to Galileo). So when Niccolo Zucchi, an Italian astronomer well related to the Vatican, gave Pope Innocent X a copy of the Selenographia from Hevelius his holiness He replied: “It would be a book without any comparison, of not having been written by a heretic.” Since the Church would lose that game, the Selenographia Heweliusz would mark a before and after in our knowledge of the moon. The astronomer would advance other technical aspects of the telescope and, in addition, observe To other planets of the solar system (such as Jupiter or Saturn) to those who would baptize as “fixed stars.” Despite his privileged vision to the moon, he won the planets cataloging. The astronomer would also leave sketches of his “fixed stars.” Be that as it may, Hevelius’s work marked the imagination of Europeans to the moon during the coming centuries. Already in the 19th century and in the twentieth century the new technical advances would take us from the first high definition images of the lunar surface to the moon landing of 1969. Of course, Hevelius was far from the first occasion in The one we saw The hidden face: it was in 1959 thanks to a satellite Soviet. Today we have closed a circle initiated largely by pioneers like Heweliusz, the astronomer enriched by beer. In Xataka | The land has moons that we do not know: exploring them is key to revealing the secrets of our solar system

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