The longest land border in the world made by the human being is a gigantic firewall between the US and Canada

One of the most controversial borders of the last weeks is, curiously, one in which there are no war conflicts: the one that separates Canada from the United States. It is a peculiar border, with numerous rural points without surveillance and whose straight line looks like a gigantic firewall visible from spaceliterally dividing what he finds in his path. And, although it seems that something like this is a vote of confidence among good neighbors, the latest events show that even the world’s least monitored border can become tensions scenario. The longest in the world. It extends along the whopping of 8,891 kilometers and, with the signing of the Treaty of Paris Of 1783, there were the first steps to define limits in the territory of future United States and British Columbia. It was the moment in which the United States War of Independence was put an end, but the final demarcation of the border would take more than a century to arrive, and would do so in the form of a gigantic firewall. Literally: There is no need to throw imagination: that central line extends thousands and thousands of kilometers The ‘firewall’. The upper image represents a tiny border segment, in one of the rural areas. It is taken from Google Maps Because it is a border of the most visual (and I encourage you to throw a rare sailing through the app discovering curious cases). If a river or a mountain range does not physically separate the territory, Canadians and American are distanced by a gigantic firewall who, in much of the border, is still a straight line that divides forest, rural and even cities. The entire central part of the border and even the Pacific responds to that design based on parallel 49 After the Treaties of Paris and Jaythere were still fringes that would not be resolved until decades later, but one of the decisive moments arrived at the London Convention of 1818. In it, the 49 parallel was established as the border between the two countries, from the Lake Forests to the Rocky Mountains. In 1846, the Oregon treaty The witness collected, continuing the decision that the 49 parallel marked the border from the roco mountains to the Pacific, except a Vancubert that remained in the northern domains. The firewall and a road portion that gets into Canada … and returns to the US Even so, there were borders that were still clear, such as Alaska, so arbitration was created specifically designed for that border. In 1908 the border was consolidated in the International Limits Commission. It was then that the decision was made to physically demarcate the division, creating an immense firewall or strip that definitely marked the limits of each country. The border is full of these markers that delimit the state to which each area belongs Together, but not scrambled. Imagine that you are playing a video game and you want to define a division without you care where the lines fall. Well, a similar case is the one that is lived in some locations that have part of the territory in the United States and part in Canada. It is not that there are curious cases such as Mexico City (which on one side of the street are in the State of Mexico and, in the other, in Mexico City), but that there are buildings with a division that marks that its plant is in two different countries. An example is the Library of Derby Line, Vermont, or Stanstead, Quebec (depends on the side of the border on which you are). On the floor of the reading room there is a black line that marks the country where you are, being one of the most curious cases, but not the only one. In Vermont and Quebec there are houses that catch in the middle of the border, cases such as the Halfway house, which was a tavern/hotel built in 1820 before that part of the border was established and other examples of land with part in the United States and another part in Canada. The house in the US, the tools house in Canada Golf cart parked in the US, Hoyos in Canada Half of the house pays taxes on one side, the other in the other. It is a joke, but there are few constructions that share country Point Roberts. But there are not only lands split in half: also areas that belong to one of the two countries and those that are only land link through the opposite nation. Maybe Alaska is the most famous – also the largest – and, although connected by the Arctic and the Pacific through ship, if you want to go by land you can only through Canada. Point Roberts is one of the curious examples. It is located in the state of Washington and is the ‘piquito’ of a peninsula only accessible by land through Canada. It is one of those cases in which you cross a street and pass from the Canadian city Delta to the American Point Roberts. Point Roberts Something similar occurs with Elm Point, a small uninhabited cape surrounded by lake except by the north, being Canadian territory and the only way to access by land. There are many more examples like this, such as the island of Province whose southern end belongs to the United States and where we can see another example of that firewall we were talking about before. Elm Point Elm Point closely Machias Seal. But of course, so many situations of a territory cut by the border gives rise to some tensions, and the best example of this is that of the Machias Seal Island. It is an island in the Gulf of Maine that is administered by Canada, but which the United States claims as theirs. No one lives, but there is a lighthouse built in 1832 in which Canada maintains Coast Guard personnel. And the reason for this interest on the … Read more

‘No Other Land’ is the best documentary of the year according to the Oscars. The problem is that in the US nobody can see it

No one escapes that The Oscars They are not only recognition in the form of awards for some of the most outstanding films of the year, but an authentic commercial maneuver that gives the box office to films of all kinds. But … what happens when a movie has not found distribution? This is the case of the winner with the Oscar for the best documentary feature film, ‘No other Land’. A movie about Palestine. This documentary is led by four Palestinian activists (Basel Adra, Hamdan Ballal, Yuval Abraham and Rachel Szo, two of them Israelis) in co -production with Norway and premiered at the last Berlin Festival. In it, we focus on the life of a young Palestinian activist from Masafer Yatta, a West Bank region. We can see the Gradual destruction of your homelandwhere Israeli soldiers break down houses and evict their inhabitants. He will establish friendship with an Israeli Jewish journalist, which highlights the contrast between the lives of both. No distribution. The special of ‘Not Other Land‘It is that the film has no distribution in the United States due to the conflict of its theme. In our country, for example, it was seen in cinemas last November and is currently in the Filmin catalog (among another twenty of countries in the world). This has greatly limited its reach in the Oscar country, has opened a new debate about the power of commercial censorship, much more powerful than openly political, and raises the irony that a film like this has reached few Americans beyond academics who have been able to see it for their condition of voters. An anomaly. In one Interview with Variety Before the nominations, its creators talked about the anomaly of the state of the distribution of the film, which saw as “something completely political. Obviously, we are talking about the Israeli military occupation of the West Bank, and it is very unpleasant. The film is very, very critical with Israeli policies.” And they added: “Part of the reason we made the film is to reach people who may not support what we do, to whom the film could challenge. (…) If you have a large distributor, you reach people of various political opinions and with various degrees of knowledge about Israel and Palestine. And those are exactly the people we want to show the film, because it is how we can boost the change.” It is not the only one. There are other documentaries that are facing this problem in recent times. ‘The Last Republican’, for example, is a portrait of Adam Kinzinger, a former Republican congressman who became one of the great critical voices against Donald Trump. Josh Braun, one of the directors of the company that distributed the film, confessed to The New York Times That “with the result of the elections, I think there is a question about some political content films.” Unusually apolitical Oscar. All this occurs in the context of a Oscar delivery unusually apolitical, where comments from presenter and guests that allude to the situation of the country are not usually lack. However, this year, Donald Trump has been avoided openly, although guests have alluded to sensitive issues such as diversity, immigration, and conflicts that affect the country, such as those of Palestine and Ukraine. Jimmy Kimmel, for example, presented in 2017 the gala coinciding with the first year of Trump’s previous mandate, and filled his monologue with references to the president. Conan O’Brien, however, has a less political style, and those references were missing, as in most aseptic speeches. In Xataka | Oscar’s “ghost” category: it exists but it is so demanding that there have never been films that opt ​​for it

The map that teaches us how the land will be within 250 million years

The present has accelerated so much that it gives the feeling that nothing that has no rhythm of ‘thriller’ has no interest. I do what I can to resist, but the truth is that the old movies seem very slow, the classic novels a stomach loss of time and even fast food seems made with a tempo capable of sleeping the sheep. Luckily, We have plaque tectonics. Yes, that at first glance it is not exciting, but no branch of knowledge can make such huge changes with such small and imperceptible things. No branch of knowledge helps us understand how insignificant we are with just a walk through the mountain. A long time ago, in a very, very … close galaxy. Specifically, it was one thousand eight hundred million years ago when Nuna He gathered in a single continent all the land not submerged. Then the different continents were separated and for seven hundred million years to gather in Rodinia. It is nothing novel: that coming and going of supercontinents has been a constant in the history of the earth. The last and most famous, 300 million years ago, it was Pangea And one of the funniest things in the world is to see how it broke into pieces. In this video, you can see. You can see more things, in fact. In the video, the team of researchers at the University of Sidney He has studied (and projected) Seismic data of the last hundred millions of years to teach us how, where what speed the current continents began to be as they are. There are many curious things: Against the generalized idea, it can be verified that the continents do not move at the same speed. On the contrary! There are times that the cortex moves very slowly and sometimes very fast. In the Pangea division, as explained Dietmar Mullerthe cortex moved to about 20 millimeters per year. That is, the same speed with which they believe the fingers of the feet. The big question is … when will it happen again? And the restaurant, really, is not simple. As we do not know how plaque tectonics works, there are a lot of models that try to predict the future of the earth’s crust. Have ‘Novopangea‘that suggests that all continent will eventually be around the current Pacific; WE HAVE A ‘Aurica‘With India in the center of the board and we also have a’Amasia‘. But above all, we have Pangea ultimate. The upper image of coffete, It is based on the work of CR Scotese And add to the original image the place where the different countries would be. And what will happen? According to this model, only New Zealand and Scotland will remain as isolated territories. The rest of the countries will merge into a huge mass of firm earth. America will be attached to Africa and Europe (with the United Kingdom well stuck to it) will be north of the earth’s mass. Spain, meanwhile, will continue to share its border with Portugal, Morocco and France, but Tunisia, Algeria and Italy will be added to the equation. Nothing too different To the last PANGEAthe truth. In Xataka | PANGEA, the gigantic unique contine Image | Caffete *An earlier version of this article was published in January 2024

How wealth and land passed from mothers to daughters (and not to men) in Britain 2,000 years ago

Image source, BOURNEMOUTH UNIVERSITY photo caption, The investigation found several skeletons of women buried with valuable objects such as pots. Item information Author, Georgina Rannard Author’s title, Science reporter, BBC 1 hour 2,000 years ago women in Britain passed land and wealth to their daughters, not their sons, as communities were built around the female bloodline, according to new research. Skeletons unearthed in Dorset contain DNA evidence that Celtic men moved to live with their wives’ families and communities. Scientists found evidence of an entire community built around a family’s female bloodline over generations, probably originating from a woman. “This points to an Iron Age society in Britain in which women had a lot of influence and could shape its trajectory in many ways,” explains Dr. Lara Cassidy of Trinity College Dublin, Ireland, lead author of the investigation. Image source, BOURNEMOUTH UNIVERSITY photo caption, Archaeologists found well-preserved skeletons in the clay soil of Dorset. It is the first time in the history of ancient Europe that this evidence has been documented. of communities built around women. Scientists believe that the communities also invested heavily in their daughters, as they would likely inherit their mother’s status. “It’s relatively rare in modern societies, but it might not always have been that way,” Cassidy says. The team found evidence that this occurred in numerous places in Britain, suggesting that the practice was widespread. The communities analyzed lived around the same time as Boudica, the warrior queen who led a rebellion against Roman invaders in eastern England around AD 61. Dr. Cassidy sequenced DNA taken from the bones of 57 individuals from a tribe called Durotriges. People lived in Winterborne Kingston, Dorset, around 100 BC to 100 AD The skeletons were unearthed from a cemetery by a team of archaeologists from Bournemouth University, England. By tracking mitochondrial DNA, which is only passed between women, Cassidy discovered that most of the women in the community were related by blood ties that went back to previous generations. Instead, there was a lot of diversity in the Y chromosomes, which are passed from father to son, indicating that men from many different families married into the community. Image source, BOURNEMOUTH UNIVERSITY photo caption, The skeletons of people from the Durotriges tribe were very well preserved. DNA analysis also indicates that most of the ancestral line can be traced back to a single woman. The work shows that this society was what is known as matrilocal, meaning that a married man moved to live in his wife’s community. “The most obvious benefit for a woman is that if you don’t leave home, you don’t abandon your support network. Your parents, siblings, family members are still around you,” says Dr. Cassidy. “It is your husband who arrives, he is the stranger in the community and depends on your family for his livelihood and his land,” she adds. The researchers they found the same evidence of matrilocality in bones from other cemeteries, including those in Cornwall and Yorkshire. The researcher says evidence of powerful women in ancient communities has often been dismissed as isolated, not the norm, but these findings challenge that way of thinking. Archaeologists Miles Russell and Martin Smith found other evidence that women had high status. Image source, BOURNEMOUTH UNIVERSITY photo caption, The team from Trinity College and Bournemouth University excavated and analyzed skeletons of 57 people “We found tombs decorated with great care and with objects of great value. In each of the cases they were tombs of women, so we believe that wealth was transferred through the female line,” says Professor Martin Smith of Bournemouth University. The findings also support Roman writings of the time which suggested that women in Britain were quite powerful, more so than in Rome. But the Romans, like Julius Caesar, saw it as a sign of backwardness. “Women in Britain had power and it was a more egalitarian place. That was the biggest problem the Romans had with the British because Rome was a deeply patriarchal society. For them, it marked the British as the quintessential barbarians,” she says. Professor Miles Russell of Bournemouth University. Most societies today are patrilocal, meaning that women move to their husbands’ communities. But there are some matrilocal communities today or in the recent past, such as the Akan in Ghana, West Africa, and the Cherokee in North America. Scientists say Iron Age Britain may have been matrilocal because men were frequently outside fighting. Dr. Cassidy compares it to World War II, when women gained more political and economic power. Matrilocal societies are also less likely to experience internal conflict, he says. “They can promote feelings of unity between communities and neighboring towns. They disperse groups of related men, preventing them from developing strong loyalties and starting disputes with related men who live nearby,” suggests the researcher. The findings were published in the scientific journal Nature. Subscribe here to our new newsletter to receive a selection of our best content of the week every Friday. And remember that you can receive notifications in our app. Download the latest version and activate them.

Texas installed millions of solar panels on rural land. To maintain it they have had to hire 3,000 sheep

When one of the world’s largest solar plants was installed near his home, sheep herder JR Howard never imagined it would end up being a golden opportunity for the sheep business. Context. Despite being the main oil producer in the United States, Texas has made one of the country’s strongest bets on renewable energy to the point of surpassing California in solar production. In Milam County, just outside of Austin, is the fifth largest solar photovoltaic park in the world. Owned by SB Energy, this installation covers 1,600 hectares of rural land in solar panels, generating up to 900 W of clean energy power. 3,000 sheep. Under the shadow of hundreds of thousands of solar panels, not only insects that were previously threatened proliferate, like bees. Grass also grows healthily, which requires maintenance. The solar industry tends to rely on gas-powered lawnmowers to remove grass, which defeats the fundamental purpose of renewable energy. But SB Energy opted for a more sustainable and traditional solution for the maintenance of its land: a flock of 3,000 sheep. why sheep. In addition to the economic benefits, sheep reach grasses that lawnmowers can’t reach, such as those that grow in small crevices. No less important: the sheep happily chew whatever day it is, rain or shine. But the proliferation of grazing animals on solar farms is not unique to this Texas facility, but is part of a broader trend in the agrivoltaic industry sometimes called “solar grazing.” an opportunity. To JR Howard, solar grazing has changed his life. His sheep farming business has been industrialized and he now has 8,000 animals and 27 employees. An image that is repeated in 27 states in the United States, according to the American Solar Grazing Association, which reports 60 new agrivoltaic projects with grazing by small herbivores. The solar industry is a golden opportunity for sheep herders, who have seen the wool and breeding business in general decline. Agrivoltaics makes it possible to take advantage of sunny land both to generate electricity and to maintain livestock, herds of goats and sheep or grow food. Image | AgriSolar Clearinghouse In Xataka | Minnesota installed solar panels on two huge crops. Five years later, they are a paradise for bees

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