One conspiracy theory says that all the instruments in the world are poorly tuned. And of course it includes the Nazis

You may not know it, but there are people convinced that you have been hearing ‘wrong’ the music. Not just you. Everyone. And not because of a matter of taste or a problem with the bands, but of how we tune the instruments. In his opinion, we have been using the wrong reference (in hertz) for decades as a result of a Machiavellian Nazi plan to distort consciences. Everything is limited to a dilemma: 432Hz or 440Hz? Of hertz, Nazis and conspiracies. At this point in the film, anyone would say that it is difficult to be amazed by conspiracy theories. And rightly so. The conspiracy theorists have years decades defending all kinds of conjectures that talk about end of the world or diabolical population control plans. If the Magufo universe has something, however, it is an infinite capacity to surprise, as demonstrated by a theory that has sounded with force in the last few years. Its premise is certainly surprising: we have been tuning our musical instruments poorly for decades and we do it this way for a Nazi plan. a little history. Before getting into conspiratorial arenas, it is necessary to remember some history. Today perhaps we are accustomed to (almost) all musicians and orchestras are tuned the same, which basically means that all the “a” notes (do, re, mi… or any other) sound the same; but it has not always been like this. James Felton of IFL Science remember that centuries ago players were in fact accustomed to local variations in tuning. What’s more, a composer could lean towards an “a” at 423 hertz and another at 422. It is not a minor nuance because the hertz indicates the speed of vibration, which in practice affects how high or low the sound that reaches us is. “If we take Germany before 1600 as an example, organ pitch is believed to have varied between a maximum of A=567 Hz for the early simple pipe organs of the Middle Ages and a minimum of 377 for the early modern German organs of around 1511,” explains Lynn Cavanagh in a paper about the matter. What if we set a standard? That is the idea that was making its way among music professionals. Why not set a single standard that guarantees that an “la” is tuned the same (in hertz) in one country as in another, meaning that the same song will sound the same no matter who or where it is performed? This effort to unify can go back at least to late 19th centurywhen the Music Commission of the Government of Italy bet for all orchestras to use a 440 Hz tuning fork. The debate was not settled, however, and it would be decades before musicians reached a consensus. Without going any further, France and Austria advocated 435 and some composer did it for 432. In 1917 the American Federation of Musicians support the italian position, in 1939 A world conference organized by the British Standards Institute made a similar recommendation and already in the 1950s an international agreement was reached so that the “A” note on pianos would be tuned to 440 Hz. The objective: that the same key would sound exactly the same whether it was pressed in Spain or in Canada, India or the United States. The decision was endorsed decades later, in the 70s. Matter settled? Not at all. And not only because there are musicians who choose to other tunings or even certain orchestras bet on solutions alternatives, such as A-436 hz. Some conspiracy lovers have found in this global commitment to 440 hertz material to feed a theory that combines the Nazis, the effect of music on our health and a delirious experiment for the mind control. There are those who even put into the equation to the Rockefellerthe Great Pyramid of Egypt, Stonehenge, the Sun and the Moon or the Sri Yantra. Curling (even more) the curl. To better understand the phenomenon, it is good to take a look at an article published in 2021 by Reuters Fact Check. In it the news agency echoes the hoax and dismantles it point by point speaking with academics. Before, he cites verbatim one of the network publications that defend the theory, a unique opportunity to learn about his argument: “Did you know that Jimi Hendrix, along with John Lennon, Bob Marley and Prince, tuned their music to a specific frequency of 432 hertz? It is known as the ‘heartbeat of the Earth’, it has important healing benefits and ancient Egyptian and Greek instruments have been found tuned to 432. However, since 1953 all music has been tuned to 440. This frequency has no scientific relationship with our universe and, in fact, causes turmoil. “The Nazis used it in World War II against their enemies to make them feel and think a certain way.” Is it an isolated theory? No. In fact, a quick Google search can find a good number of articles that they collect the theory of one way or anotherwith variations. After all, if there is one thing about conspiracy theories, it is that they are not usually standardized, just like musical tuning was centuries ago. They read statements such as that the Rockefeller Foundation promoted the 440 Hz standard as part of a supposed “war against conscience”that one of the great supporters The change was the Nazi minister Joseph Goebbels, who saw in 440 Hz a way to distort consciousness, or that tuning at 432 hertz is much better for humans because “reflects the proportions” of the Sun, the Earth and the Moon, among other things. As a test They show the patterns of water when it is vibrated with a 432 Hz sound. “They have no empirical basis”. Although there are strong supporters of those ideas and that we would all be much better off if we listened to our music tuned to 432 Hz, his statements raise the eyebrows of experts. And that at least. “There is no … Read more

Organilleros are part of the cultural fabric of Mexico City. The problem is that there is no longer the one to manufacture the instruments

The music is The language of the soul, and a universal language. The streets of large and small cities in half the world have musicians of all kinds that make a living, do so by hobby or to entertain in an act that would shudder to the SGAE. In Mexico, that street music is tradition, one that remains alive thanks to the organilleros. They have a couple of centuries behind them and the saddest thing is that they are the perfect example of natural obsolescence: organillos will not die because there is no one who wants to touch them, but because there will be no one who knows how to repair them. The organ. The figure of the organillero may be far away right now to those who live in Europe. It is possible to see them at popular festivals in some German municipalities, but it is somewhat more anecdotal and reserved for concrete moments than anything else. In Mexico, the thing changes: there are still listening daily in cities such as Mexico City. Also in Buenos Aires or Santiago de Chile. The cylinders The curious thing is that the organilleros were born in Europe, such as Organillos. It is a portable mechanical instrument that was invented in the 18th century, but that was perfected when it arrived in Germany during the nineteenth century. The box can be decorated with the reasons you want It is a mechanical instrument with cylinders that have protuberances or perforations that rotate through a crank and activate a series of tabs. In doing so, an internal flame expels air through tubes, which are those that produce musical notes at predefined height and rhythm due to the cylinder itself. You don’t have to know music, go, you just have to turn the crank. Crossing the puddle. In Germany they were tremendously popular, but also in Italy, France, the Netherlands or Spain. Each country could adapt them to their popular songs and the organilleros went through the streets and squares entertaining the room of the pedestrians. It was a way to popularize music and, at some point at the end of the 19th century, they arrived in Mexico. It was a bombing. Ganoa. ‘Wagner and Levien’ was a musical instrument house founded by German immigrants who not only brought the organs, but also rented them to those who wanted to make a living playing on the street. They continued to be manufactured in Germany, so it was necessary to import them and it is said that the most important in this regard was Gilberto Lázaro Gaona. HE esteem that there were 250 organillos that acquired in the 1930s, coinciding with the moment in which they stopped manufactured in Germany. And they are the ones that, modified to reproduce Mexican popular music, have been circling through the streets of the city. Tradition. These organs weigh their own. Some get to overcome the 50 kilos and, although there are models that can be carried in tow, the most common is to support them on a stick or on a wheel support that facilitates transportation. The organilleros are wearing their traditional uniform and are dedicated to … that, to turn to the lever to activate the mechanism and color some of the transitted streets in the city. Obviously, thanks to the sensitivity with the animals, now it does not happen, but before these organilleros could carry a monkey that collected the donations and completed the show. Also in Chile Controversial and counterpoling. They are, therefore, part of the cultural fabric of Mexico City and, as happens so many times, there are tourists who do not see those local traditions with good eyes. Famous was the case of an American tourist who complained through social networks because of the sound of this instrument. They soon Fall criticism that did not harass the young woman, defenders of the trade of the organilleros, of the cultural importance they have and, why not say it, of that zeal for the homeland that sometimes exalts when we feel attacked. In extinction. Now, the organilleros seem to be far from disappearing, but another song is what will happen with the organ. Due to the use, possible accidents and friction between the elements, these organs are wearing and must be repaired. Do you remember the 250 pieces that Gaona imported? Well, it is estimated that the rest were lost, they were stolen or sold to collectors, and those 16 are those that continue to rent to the organilleros. And the person responsible for that business and its repair is, as we read in Unknown MexicoMarcela Silvia Hernández Cortés, Gilberto daughter -in -law. Her husband was the one who had the business and she taught her because the two men told her to dedicate himself to the kitchen when she tried to learn the trade. Legacy. After the death of her husband, Marcela learned on her own to repair these organs that, if they have survived, is thanks to her expertise and dedication. The sad thing is that there is no school of organizers, nor new pieces, because the factories closed and the hope of the artisan, as he commented on the news, is that their granddaughters continue with the legacy. “It is very laborious, but sometimes I look good,” Marcela said in the news, who also comments that, beyond the tradition, the organizing trade is an opportunity for people of a certain age who have run out of work and that they cannot, for whatever reason, access one. The artisan is a precious profession and, as we saw with the popular response to the video of the American tourist, the role of the organillero is respected and appreciated by the Mexicans. So much that there is Organizations that work to conserve this tradition. Images | RDEMINICIS (WMB) (2), JMILLAN325, Luisalvaz In Xataka | Listen to music while you work will improve your cognitive abilities: you just have to choose the right one for each task

The magnetic north pole has been moving rapidly. This is how navigation instruments follow the step

What do we talk about when we talk about the North Pole? The truth is that it depends since, on our planet we can distinguish two key geographical points that respond to this name, but with different “surname.” They are the magnetic north pole and the geographical north pole. Distinguishing them is key because only one of them has a fixed location while the other wanders in their proximity. But, in addition, it makes it faster. Reviewing the location. The new year has been released With an update that has gone more or less unnoticed but that is of the utmost importance: it is the world magnetic model (WMM) of 2025. The revision of the model not only includes the information about its current position but also of its displacements planned in the next five years . Accelerated movement. We have known for a long time that the magnetic north pole changes location and we know that the cause is in the changes in the magnetic field of the planet, a field generated by the connective iron movements of the interior of our planet. What is most striking is that, during the last decades the displacement of the magnetic northern pole It has accelerated. If for 300 years this point ranged between the islands located north of Canada, since the end of the 20th century and especially during the new century, the speed of displacement of this markedly accelerated. Now the magnetic north has already exceeded the geographical north and is closer to Siberia than from Canada. “The current behavior of the magnetic north is something we had never seen before. (…) In recent years he accelerated towards Siberia, increasing speed every year until about five, when he suddenly seized 50 to 35 km per year, ” explained in a press release William Brown, of the British Geological Survey (BGS), one of the institutions in charge of the development of the model. The world magnetic model. The model It is the result of the collaboration between the National Environmental Information Centers (NCEI) of the NOAA (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration) American and the BGS, as well as two intelligence agencies on both sides of the Atlantic. The model is used in various contexts, from aviation to commercial GPS and applications that use compasses on our mobile. The model includes a series of maps that not only indicate the location of the magnetic north but also mapped the changes in the Earth’s magnetic field, allowing to know the behavior of compasses at each point of the northern hemisphere. More precision. The latest version of the model, WMM2025will help improve navigation, especially in long -distance tours. As explained by the BGS, a trip between South Africa and the United Kingdom, using the old model, would imply a slight deviation of a degree on the way. The problem is that, over 8,500 kilometers, this very small deviation results in an error of 150 kilometers. The new model allows you to approach centimeters from the destination point. The version also incorporates a novelty: a high resolution map that will accompany the “standard” and that can be used in contexts where greater precision is required. This version has a 300 km resolution in Ecuador, notably higher than the 3,300 km resolution in the standard version. The next update. The WMM model is updated every five years, which means that we will have a new version in 2030, WMM2030. This assuming that I do not know any unexpected change in the speed or direction of the displacement that justifies an extraordinary review of the model. In Xataka | The Arctic has been heating faster than we expected. We may not be blamed this time Image | NOAA NCI / Hendrik Morkel

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