Europe

There was a day when Benidorm had one of the largest Russian mountains in Europe. Today is a closed fiasco and still standing

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Magnus Colossus has been closed since 2016. Considered an icon of mythical terra, its practically definitive closure is a good symbol of everything that has ended up destroying the park: bad organization, embezzlement and a series of murky plots that ended in very serious judgments and convictions. Today, Magnus Colossus is dead, but his journey full of curves leaves a few lessons on the park. Mythical Colossus. Magnus Colossus was one of the most important Russian mountains in Europe (and the largest: length of 1,149.7 meters and maximum speed of 92 km/h) and One of the absolute icons of the ambitious amusement park. However, a series of stumbling blocks in construction, added to the economic and organizational decline of the park, have led to its greatness to end limited to that of mere aesthetic claim. A closed colossus. Almost a decade has closed this spectacular roller wooden mountain that took advantage of the natural terrain of a limestone quarry, 180 meters above sea level. The culprit of its uselessness is the heat that has inflamed the wood, which entails too expensive maintenance. However, his presence under the gigantic poster that presides over the views of the park, on the mountain, has given him a unique personality. The negligence of the owners of the facilities, who have not dedicated the necessary resources for the care of Magnus Colossus, has ended the giant. “Irregularities in maintenance”. In 2016 it was decided to close Magnus Colossus, in principle temporarily to undertake the renovations that would solve problems that existed then, such as the excessive trachetening of the wagons. However, They never got to undertakesince the park had more serious problems to deal with: controversy, suspicions of corruption and various negligence in maintenance, which culminated when an investigation detected that had used creating to treat wood, substance prohibited at an industrial level for being carcinogenic. Photo: Jeremy Thompson Dramas before starting. The controversies and suspicions that have always surrounded the park started even before its inauguration: in August 1992, with Spain submerged in the maelstrom of the expo and the Olympicsa forest fire razed the area known as “the largest Pinada in the Mediterranean”, in the area where Terra Mítica would be built. 450 hectares of non -urbanizable land of special forest protection They were razedand although it was not proven judicially, associations like Greenpeace suspected That the fire could have been intentional, seeking recalification. After the fire, in fact, the land was expropriated and re -qualified, which allowed the construction of a mythical terra, a hotel zone and two golf courses. The current law prohibits the change in forest land use for 30 years after a fire, but this case occurred before the entry into force of the regulations. 1990s in its purest form. Terra mythical is a paradigmatic case of the bubble and the speculation that occurred so much in Spain by those dates. About the park they hit Judicial suspicions and research for embezzlement, fraud, money laundering and influence peddling. The trial began in 2015 and dozens of entrepreneurs and managers were charged. Among other things, there was a plot of false invoices for almost 4.5 million euros to companies for non -existent services in the years 2000 and 2001, in addition to 150 million euros to ghost companies. Photo: Jeremy Thompson The verdict came to light in 2016: Two former director, including the exemptedness of the then president of the Generalitat, Eduardo Zaplana and 20 entrepreneurs were convicted of corruption, scam, documentary falsehood and crimes against the Public Treasury with sentences between 4 and 47 years in prison. Terra mythical is sold. In 2004, only four years after its inauguration, Terra Mítica entered into suspension of payments: like so many projects of the time, business forecasts had been well above their results. The Generalitat Valenciana sold their participation to the company Aqualandia in 2011 for 65 million euros, well below the initial investment of 400 million euros. In the background, the roller coaster. With these accounts, it is not surprising that Terra mythical is very far from their best times (if they came to exist at some point). With very scarce visits, almost exclusively from devotees from the parks, in 2021 Terra mythical He reported 6 million euros in losses and 4.3 of income (let’s compare, for example, with port adventure, with 163 million in revenue). Magnus Colossus has few chances of raising head at some point in the future, and remains for posterity such as the wooden skeleton that reminds us of the great bubble of embezzlement in the construction of the Spain of the nineties. Header | Jeremy Thompson In Xataka | We have known how to eliminate the tails of the attraction parks. Disney keeps them for something

be the Japan of Europe

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2024 has not been a good year for the Italians. Not at least if we talk about demography. Although the flow of immigrants has allowed him to soften the blow, the country has seen how its fertility rate fell to historical minimumsthe families continued to shrink, the average age of the population kept their escalation until approaching the psychological barrier of the 50 years and the exodus of citizens who decide to seek their future abroad increased 36%depriving the nation especially of qualified young people, something that It is already worried to its central bank. Italy It is not the only country that supports the icy winds of the Demographic winterbut his drift already threatens to turn it into the Japan of the old continent. Birth, downstairs. A few weeks ago the National Statistics Institute of Italy (Istat) public A global balance on the demography of 2024 that leaves a few joys and the occasional disappointment. The country closed the year with 370,000 births, bad news twice. First because it represents a decrease of 2.6% with respect to 2023 and aggravates the fall of its birth rate. Second, because it leaves its fertility index in historical minimums: 1.18 children per woman. The previous record, of 1.19, had been reached in 1995. A structural problem. For Istat that loss of babies is worrisome because it relieves more than a simple fall in the fertility index. In his opinion Boils with the loss of men and women of age of having children. “The relevance of the structural aspect is evident,” he warns. “If the female population of productive age (15-49 years) is considered, it has gone from 14.3 million EM January 1994 to 11.4 in January 2024”. In the case of men, the group in the same age strip has dropped from 14.5 million to just 11.9. Hence, the current fertility rate of 1.18 is much more problematic than that of 1995. 50 -year way. Another of the problems that Italy Lidia is the aging of its population, a phenomenon on which He has warned Also Eurostat. According to the Italian agency, at the beginning of 2025 the average age of the population that resides in Italy already was already 46.8 years, two tenths more than a year ago. The data that Eurostat draws an even more unfortunate panorama: they place the median age in 48.7 yearsthe second largest fact of the entire EU. It only exceeds Monaco, where it marks 50.5 years. The European mean It is 44.7. In Italy children (under 14 years old) represent 11.9% of the total and the population of working age 63.4%. Both stripes experienced setbacks in 2024, unlike what happened with the group of citizens who exceed 65 years: they suppose 24.7% of the total, four tenths more than a year ago. Among them also grow the octogenarians and nonagenarians. If nothing changes, There are those who calculate That in 2040 there will be five million people less in working age. THE OTHER CHALLENGE: The Exodus. Italy is facing another problem that has made the alarms of experts and authorities: Emigration. Last year 191,000 people left the country, 20.5% more than in 2023. Most of them, about 156,000, were also Italians who chose to look for life abroad, which represents a remarkable increase with respect to 2023. The rest (around 35,000) are Expats of other nationalities, such as the Romanian, who had been residing in Italy for some time and for one reason or another they decided to make their bags. Looking for life out. “They are forceful figures, although they could fall short according to some analysts, such as Federico Fubini, who recently published A column in Corriere in which he remembered that there are Italians who have abandoned the country without processing the change of residence, so the phenomenon could be greater. “More and more Italians opt for the path of self -determination and leave the country for situations that consider better,” Point out. In his opinion, the current migratory phenomenon is not comparable to that of the last decade, when the loss of population was basically motivated by the lack of employment in Italy. “Today there is and, instead, people, mostly young, will look for it in other places.” “Create opportunities”. That last nuance, that of young people who decide to leave, is fundamental. So much, in fact, that he has led the governor of the Bank of Italy, Fabio Panetta, to ask that measures be taken to retain talent and human capital. “It is necessary to create attractive employment opportunities for the many Italians who leave the country in search of better perspectives,” warned a few days ago in statements collected by Financial Times. The newspaper remember That between 2014 and 2023 they left the country more than one million Italians and more than a third of them were young people between 25 and 35 years old, many of them with university degrees. During that period they made the reverse journey (natives who choose to return) many less young. Of them only 50,000 had higher training. Istat himself calculates that the migratory balance of graduates has been negative, with a net loss of 97,000. A balance in red numbers. With 370,000 births and 651,000 deaths, Italy closed 2024 with a negative natural balance of 281,000 people. That loss managed to soften it in part thanks to the arrival of people from abroad. Although his flow fell with respect to the previous year, he remained at 435,000 (including about 53,000 repatriated), enough to compensate for the escape of Italians to other countries and leave a positive general migratory balance. The country fired the year with a census of some 58.9 million of residents. Japan’s example. Italy is not the only country that crosses demographic turbulence. In fact, Spain has reached a population record (49.1 million) It is thanks to the increase in the foreign population, which compensates for the decrease in the native. The puncture of birth and gradual aging are … Read more

Without the rare earths of China, lasers will end in Europe. Germany has found a way to do without them

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The applications of Rare earths They are potentially unlimited. To this peculiar group of chemical elements belong some metals as elusive and with names as suggestive as neodymium, promised, gadolinium, ititrium or scandio, among others. Some of them They are relatively scarceand, in addition, they are not usually found purely in nature, but what makes them so special are their physicochemical properties. Its characteristics are beyond the reach of the other elements of the periodic table, which has caused that during the last decades they are consolidated as A very valuable resource In numerous industries, especially in electronics and renewable energies. They are involved, for example, in the manufacture of hybrid and electric cars engines, batteries, semiconductors, catalysts, optical fiber, LCD panels, and even in wind turbines. Europe wants to stop being in the hands of China once and for all China dominates the rare earth industry with an indisputable forcefulness. According to him US Geological Service For many years it has produced more than 90% of this valuable resource. In 2022 its market share was reduced to 70%, but did not do so because of a decrease in production; This fall had its origin in the increase in rare earth production quota experienced Australia, Vietnam and Myanmar, among other countries. In addition, the country led by Xi Jinping also dominates the processing industry to which it is necessary to submit rare earth so that they can be used. So much so that according to Xincaifu Its quota if we expressly stick to the global processing industry ascends 90%. And with a 70% production of the global market and a 90% control of the Chinese rare earth processing industry has this absolutely controlled market. The Chinese government is using its control of rare earths to defend their strategic interests in full confrontation with the US The government of this Asian country is using its control of these chemical elements to defend their strategic interests In full confrontation with the US, Europe and its allies. In this context, the old continent needs to bet on its independence and the consolidation of its own supply chain. And it is in it. In fact, Germany has just made a very important contribution in a scenario of fundamental use of rare earths: the manufacture of lasers. These devices are used to produce medical equipment, in scientific research, in the manufacture of consumer electronics, and even in the tuning of Quantum computersamong many other industries. Rare earths are used to dopar the crystals That, very broadly, they are responsible for amplifying the light before emitting it with a fixed wavelength. The problem is that if these chemical elements are not available the production of high quality lasers is not viable. Well, it really wasn’t until now. And it is that the Fraunhofer Institute of Optronics, which is located in Karlsruhe (Germany), has found a way to manufacture the crystals involved in the production of lasers without using rare earths. In fact, we can see some of these crystals in the cover photography of this article. During its manufacturing process it is essential to minimize impurities and preserve the polarization properties of the crystals, but, apparently, the researchers of the Fraunhofer Institute have given in the Diana. Your plan now goes through developing production processes that guarantee the supply of these crystals that Europe requires. Image | FRANHOFER INSTITUTE OF OPTRONICS More information | Interesting Engineering In Xataka | We already know what is the best natural factory of the precious rare earths: a cosmic kilonova

Between 1946 and 1990, Europe sank 200,000 radioactive barrels in the Atlantic Ocean. France prepares to recover them

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France will undertake this month of June a mission to map and study the state of the more than 200,000 drums with radioactive material that several European countries sank at the bottom of the sea. The objective: evaluate their environmental impact and study if it is viable to recover them. A practice today unthinkable. For more than four decades, between 1946 and 1990, the norm for several European countries was to pour radioactive waste of very low activity in the oceanic depths. More than 200,000 barrels loaded with gloves, laboratory materials and nuclear samples were sunk in the northeast Atlantic abyssal plains, more than 4,000 meters under the surface of the oceanan internationally prohibited custom by the 1993 London Convention. Better late than never. Although a good part of the radioactivity has disappeared thanks to the short half-life of the CESIO-134 or iron-55 isotopes, so far there has been no state-level effort to recover them. The National Center for Scientific Research in France (CNRS) will be launched at the middle of June With the nodssum missionwhich does not have as its immediate objective the recovery of the 200,000 barrels (a task of titanic proportions), but an exhaustive analysis of the containers, the behavior of the radionuces in the deep ocean and their interaction with the marine ecosystems to make a decision on which one to recover and how to recover them. A robot submarine and fishing networks. The Nodssum project will take place in two major campaigns. The first phase will be a recognition mission that will sail on June 15 and will run until July 11. The protagonist will be the ULYX Submarine Autonomous Robot of the French oceanographic fleet, capable of descending up to 6,000 meters. In its first scientific dives, Ulyx will navigate about 70 meters above the seabed to map with a high resolution Sónar the main discharge zone and identify the location of barrels. Then, it will approach up to 10 meters to photograph them. This phase also includes the initial shot of water samples, sediments and fauna, but without approaching the drums. Scientists will use nasas to capture fish and crustaceans with which to determine the effect of waste on marine life. The barrels will not move until 2026. Taking advantage of the data collected in the first phase, the second mission will use a robot with remotely operated arms, Victor or Nautile, to directly observe the barrels and take samples around it for a more detailed analysis. These data will be those used to determine if necessary, and feasible, selective recovery operations in the future. Security will be the axis of the entire project, which includes a robust radioprotection protocol supervised by the France Nuclear Safety Agency. In addition to amending past errors, the mission will be a unique opportunity to measure the long -term consequences of storing at the bottom of the Atlantic Ocean hundreds of thousands of radioactive waste. Image | CNRS, Greenpeace (1978) In Xataka | Thus, radioactive waste is “buried”: how are nuclear cemeteries inside

The most powerful telescope in Europe has seen something rare while observing two brown dwarfs: a perpendicular planet

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Today, in things that we did not know that there were in other star systems: a planet that orbits perpendicular to its two stars. It is as strange as it sounds. A different planet. We have seen everything in the exotic exoplanet gallery that the observable universe offers us, but a new surprise has forced astronomers to readjust their expectations. Using the Vary Large Telescope del Southern European Observatory (ESO) In Chile, astronomers have found the first exoplanet known in a polar orbit around a binary system of stars: two young brown dwarfs. Orbiting at 90 degrees. Baptized as 2m1510 (AB) B, this world has two Tatooine style soles, something extremely common when it comes to more massive stars, but not so much in the case of brown dwarfs. However, what is common is that orbits its two host stars in a way that until now had only theorized: turning perpendicular to them, in a polar orbit of 90 degrees. We sensed that they could exist. Astronomers had already detected planetary training discs in polar orbite and theory suggested that They could form stable planetsBut finding them was another story. 2M1510 (AB) B is the first credible test that this configuration exists. And the most curious thing is that the team was not actively looking for this type of planet, they found it while refining the orbital and physical parameters of the two brown dwarfs, seeing that the path of the two stars was being pushed and pull in unusual ways. It is not a usual system. The planet is not the only rare in this neighborhood, taking into account the host stars. Brown dwarfs are larger than giant giant planets, but too small to maintain nuclear fusion which characterizes the stars “really”. But the rarity does not end there. These brown dwarfs form an eclipsest binary, which means that from Earth we can see how they hide each other. 2M1510 (AB) is an incredibly infrequent system: the second pair of eclipsessing brown dwarfs known to date. With more than 5,800 exoplanets confirmed to date, only about 16 orbit around two stars. That one of them does precisely around a system as atypical as a binary of eclipsessing brown dwarfs, and with a polar orbit, it is a real cosmic jewel. Image | THAT In Xataka | These real images were unthinkable before the Webb Telescope: they are planets orbiting other stars to 130 light years

Europe wants to decide what is irreparable and what is not

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Europe is in full crusade with the old vehicle. In the main cities of Spain They can no longer circulate. The entry into force of the environmental badges leave out all gasoline cars before January 2001 and diesel prior to 2006: they cannot circulate through Low emissions areaswhich will be extended until the environmental objectives imposed by the EU will. There is a type of vehicle exempt from this age punishment: The classic vehicle. A culture also relevant in the world of motorcycle, and that according to the Federation of European motorcyclists associations It is at risk. Or maybe … not so much. Recycling objectives. The European Commission is in the process of reviewing its directive on vehicles at the end of its useful life (ELV). A legislation in which the objectives of recycling, reuse and elimination of materials in vehicles that reach the end of their life cycle are collected. The objective, on paper, is to foster the circular economy. This old woman Directive 2000/53/ECuntil now only applicable is close to being replaced by a new one planned by 2026 and with a vote in June 2025. If approved, it would cease to exclusively affect cars and light vans, to also affect motorcycles. The new regulations. The proposal on THE NEW REGULATION COM (2023) 451 On the new circularity requirements applicable to vehicles includes new categories, including motorcycles, to create regulations that harmonize recycling between virtually all types of vehicle. The text makes it clear that a deep review of how vehicle recycling and manufacturing processes is necessary, focusing on the focus on which this industry is one of the ones that consumes the most resources. The impact. If this new proposal was approved, the processes to reuse components, the requirements of homologation and the doubt (in certain scenarios) of whether or not or not a vehicle are a vehicle at the end of its useful life. “For the purposes of transferring the property of a used vehicle, the vehicle owner must be able to demonstrate to any natural or legal person interested in acquiring the property of the vehicle in question or the competent authorities that are not a vehicle at the end of its useful life. When assessing the situation of a used vehicle, the owner of the vehicle, other economic operators and the competent authorities will verify if the criteria established in the Annex I are fulfilled. A vehicle at the end of its useful life. “ Criteria and discord. Said Annex I, in which the points that determine what a repairable or not, show certain shadows in the case of motorcycles are collected. And Europe will consider that a vehicle is technically irreparable if it meets one or more of the following criteria. It has been cut into pieces or disassembled (“disassembling” a motorcycle is necessary for virtually any deep modification). Its repair requires the replacement of the engine, the gearbox, the body or assembly of the frame, which results in the loss of the original identity of the vehicle. He has not carried out the National Technical Inspection required for more than two years from the date on which it was last required. They are just some examples that would supposedly put in check the identity of the classic motorcycle, in which it is more than common to replace or repair components such as the engine, body and gearbox. The matter of Do not pass ITV: Many of these classic vehicles are projects that do not circulate by road until they have ended (they can last years). Not what you are thinking. So far, it is not unreasonable to think that the EU has lost its head and wants to end any used or classic vehicle. But the key is to interpret the text well. Which, in its first paragraph, makes clear the objective: “New measures to address EU’s exterior environmental footprint Linked to export of vfu and used vehicles. “ In other words, what Europe wants is to create a solid regulatory framework in which there is a clear distinction between what is an apt vehicle and not suitable for its export. For example, prevent a motorcycle from without ITV and that requires motor replacement, can be exported abroad. Something that would not prevent, if it has the ITV per day and the corresponding replacement of an approved motor, it can be sold without problem. In the requirements of Section 2, related to the controls and requirements related to the export of used vehicles, the previous references are made, but for the moment there are no criteria beyond those related to the sale outside of Spain. What does FEMA ask. FEMA’s request is clear: that motorcycles are outside this directive Or, in case they are applied, to play with their own rules. In Spain we consider everything with at least 30 years as a classic vehicle. Some of them, far from reaching the end of their useful life, enjoy a second life thanks, precisely, to the replacement of components. Doubts are lawful about whether a classic, fully functional and restored vehicle will cease to be considered repairable or valid for export after application of the new regulations. One that, by the way, must still be voted, approve, and get ahead with more than possible modifications in the text. In Xataka | Chinese motorcycles are sweeping in Spain: who is who in this brand puzzle

China considers softening its rare earth blocking, although not for everyone. It is great news for Europe

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On April 4, just 24 hours after Donald Trump announced the taxes that he was going to apply to the importation of most products from abroad, The administration led by Xi Jinping responded. And he did it with forcefulness. In early December 2024 He chose to prohibit The export of some critical minerals to the US, among which were three essential metals for the chips industry: Gallium, Germanio and Antimony. Shortly after the Chinese government added two more critical metals to its list of export restrictions: Scandio and Disposio. These chemical elements are probably less known than metals prohibited by China previously, such as Gallium or Germanio, but are at least as important as the latter because they have a fundamental role in the industries of integrated circuits, telecommunications and the manufacture of storage devices. China has Europe at its feet The ability to put pressure from China had not yet been extinguished. Just ten days later, on April 14, the Administration did not hesitate take another step forward With the purpose of putting in check, in addition to the industries that I just mentioned, those of electric cars, aeronautics and advanced armament. To achieve this, it effectively suspended, in addition to the export of the most valuable rare earths, that of high -power magnets that have a critical role in the industries that I have cited in this same paragraph. China’s export controls are mainly directed to the US, but the old continent does not remain unscathed Chinese authorities are retaining in ports throughout the country not only rare earths, but also high -power magnets acquired by electric cars manufacturers throughout the planet, aerospace companies, chip factories and armament companies. Many of these organizations have high -power magnet reservations made with rare earths, but possibly They will only allow them to subsist a few months. Europe in particular is in an extremely delicate position. China’s export controls are directed mainly to the US, but the old continent It does not remain unscathed. At least for the moment. In fact, in Germany, which as we all know is the heart of the European car industry, There are already experts who assure that if China continues to retain rare earths and electric motors some essential parts of the electric cars production chain They will stop in no more than six weeks. For the European car industry this blow would be very difficult to fit. European companies that are dedicated to the manufacture of semiconductors are also in a very compromised situation. According to Reuters Many European chip production lines They will stop very soon Due to the shortage of crucial supplies, which has led the European Chamber of Commerce to meet with officials of the Ministry of Commerce of China to ask them to allow rare earth supply to European companies that are dedicated to the production of integrated circuits. The result of this meeting has not yet been officially completed, but the information that has been leaked maintains that China is willing to relax its export controls for some European companies. Image | Peggy Greb, US Department of Agriculture More information | Reuters In Xataka | The US will not be able to contain the technological development of China. Experts from the chips industry forecast it

TSMC will open a chip design center in Germany. It will not be enough to avoid the failure of Europe

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Just a few hours ago Paul de Bot, the president of the European subsidiary of TSMC, has announced that your company will build a semiconductor design center in Munich (Germany). This installation will be ready in a record time: During the third quarter of 2025. In fact, this Taiwanese integrated circuit manufacturer, The Major on the Planettrust that this installation starts its operations in just three months. The construction and tuning of a avant -garde chips factory requires investing at least four years in these processes before starting large -scale production, but the installation that TSMC will be tuned is not a factory: it is a design center. This is the reason why it is credible that may be ready in just three months. In fact, as its purpose is not to manufacture semiconductors does not need Nor lithography equipment No wafering processing machines. Paul de Bot has confirmed That this center will be dedicated to helping European customers from TSMC to design integrated high density, high performance and high efficiency circuits. These chips can be used by automobile industries, telecommunications or artificial intelligence (AI), among others. However, this project runs in parallel to the semiconductor production plant that TSMC is already building in Dresde (Germany). This factory is underway, but presumably will not start the operation until the end of 2027. This integrated circuit design center does nothing for Europe The arrival in Germany of this TSMC installation is good news, there is no doubt about that. However, his contribution to the aspirations of the old continent in the matter of chips production is irrelevant. On February 8, 2022 Ursula von der Leyen, the president of the European Commission, announced that Europe wants to be a fundamental actor in The semiconductor industryand the first step to achieve this requires manufacturing 20% ​​of the planet chips in 2030. The new TSMC Chips Design Center will not produce semiconductors, so it will not quantitatively contribute to European aspirations It is evident that in the delicate current geopolitical situation Europe needs to be ambitious if it wants to increase its relevance in the semiconductor industry. Have ASML and Intel, Globalfoundries and TSMC facilities within its borders plays in its favor. However, The speech of European leaders It seems to be focused on quantity, and is not enough. The quality understood as the capacity of a chip to deliver added value is also fundamental. The new integrated circuit design center of TSMC presumably will deliver value to European companies, but, as we have seen, it will not produce semiconductors, so it will not quantitatively contribute to the aspirations of the old continent. It is better to have it than not to have it, there is no doubt about that, but its role in the objective of which we have spoken two paragraphs above will be inconsequential. In fact, it is very unlikely that Europe achieves its purpose. We do not say it, although we share it; The European Court of Accounts holds itwhich is nothing other than “the financial guardian” of the European Union. In The report that published At the end of last April he defends that the objective of achieving a fee of 20% in the world market for integrated circuits in 2030 It seems unattainable Because Europe is very far from the rhythm of production necessary to fill its ambitions. To achieve this production capacity, it would have to be four times higher in less than five years and is far from achieving those figures at the current development speed. Image | TSMC More information | Digitimes Asia | SCMP In Xataka | We already know what the chips that will arrive until 2039 will be. The machine that will manufacture them is close

Europe has finished its spectacular cryogenic plant

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The cover photography of this article was taken just a month ago in the vicinity of ITER (International Thermonuclear Experctor reactor), The experimental reactor of nuclear fusion that an international consortium led by Europe is building in the French town of Cadarache. What we see in this image is A cryogenization plantand it is a fundamental installation to bring this very complex machine to fruition. It is paradoxical that Iter needs an extreme cooling plant. The plasma confined in your vacuum camera which will contain the deuterium and tritium nuclei that will intervene in the fusion reaction will reach a temperature of at least 150 million degrees Celsius, so a priori may seem strange that an installation is expressly designed to generate an extreme cold. But it is not. It has all the meaning of the world if we keep in mind that superconductor magnets, Creobombs and thermal shields need to reach a temperature of up to -269 degrees Celsius. Iter’s cryogenic plant is an engineering prodigy The superconductor magnets placed on the outside of the vacuum chamber of this nuclear fusion reactor have the responsibility of generating the magnetic field necessary to confine plasma inside. They are also responsible for controlling and stabilizing it. These magnets weigh 10,000 tons and are manufactured in an alloy of niobio and tin, or niobio and titanium, which acquires the superconductivity when cools with a supercritical helium until reaching a temperature of -269 ºC. Superconductor magnets acquire superconductivity when they reach a temperature of -269 ºC This requirement justifies the need to put a powerful cooling system like the one that has devised Europe for Iter. In the construction of this experimental nuclear fusion reactor, the US, Russia, China, India, South Korea, Japan and the United Kingdom are also involved, but the Cryogenization Plant has been commissioned by Fusion for Energy (F4E), the organization of the European Union that coordinates Europe’s contribution to Iter developmentthe French company Air Liquide and technicians integrated in the structure of Iter. In this photograph we can see the nitrogen compressors installed in the Iter cryogenic plant. This extreme refrigeration installation will be responsible for supplying liquid helium to 4.5 Kelvin (-269 ° C) to superconductor magnets and criobombs, and also gaseous helium at 80 Kelvin (-193 ºC) to thermal shields. Creobombs are empty ultraalt devices that are responsible for eliminating gases inside the vacuum chamber. In order to do so, they must work at an extremely low temperature. And, on the other hand, the thermal shields are responsible for protecting some critical elements of the reactor, such as superconductor magnets, the heat that emits the confined plasma inside the vacuum chamber. Iter’s cryogenic plant has an area similar to that of a football field (just over 7,100 m²) and contains several 26 -meter high storage tanks. These figures help us intuit how enormous this critical installation is. As we just checked, Without it, nuclear fusion would be absolutely impossible. This Grigory Kouzmenko statementF4E manager, invites us to tie Iter’s future with a reasonable optimism: “We have entered the most exciting phase of the project, in which all the efforts of previous years finally are specified and we can benefit from the collaboration based on the confidence between all the parties.” Images | Fusion for Energy More information | Fusion for Energy In Xataka | From today Spain has the key to nuclear fusion: Granada’s particle accelerator is already a reality

The great digital achievement of Spain has been to raise the best fiber network in Europe

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This Tuesday Spain definitely closes a 140 -year -old chapter. Telefónica has announced the shutdown of its last 661 copper centralsforever burying the technology that vertebó the communications of the twentieth century. But real history is not the funeral of copper, but Spain has become a European leader in connectivity. Why is it important. While other European countries continue to debate when to migrate from copper, Spain has already completed that transition. Telefónica is the first great operator of the continent to completely close its copper network. The rest of Europe looks at us from behind. In figures. The numbers deny the myth of Spanish technological backwardness. Spain is The third OECD country with greater fiber optic penetration. The fiber lines represent 89.3% of the total fixed broadband. The network reaches 80 million accesses installed in a country of 49 million inhabitants. The trick: homes are included but also local, in addition to many duplicates among operators. Only South Korea and Japan overcome us in some indicators. France, Germany or the United Kingdom are behind FTTH coverage. In FTTB, Spain leads Europe After years only behind Iceland. The panoramic. Since 2014, Spain has dismantled 8,532 copper centrals in a huge logistics operation. Has migrated 99.99% of customers Without leaving them without service. It has recycled 65,000 tons of cable and saved 1,000 gigawatt energy, according to company sources cited by Five days. All while building an infrastructure that covers 94% of the population. Including rural areas that place us far ahead of other European countries in rural coverage. Between the lines. The Spanish transformation has gone unnoticed because it coincided with years of economic crisis and with the perennial complex of national technological inferiority. It is true that we are light years from the United States or China in terms of large technological ones, but we have built the best telecommunications infrastructure in Europe. The optical fiber is 90% more energy efficient than copper and multiplies speeds. A fiber plant serves to the same number of accesses as four copper centrals occupying only 15% of the space. The money trail. Telefónica has converted the transition into business. The sale and recycling of the retired copper has been an extra income of about 1,000 million euros, taking advantage of the revaluation of the metal. Yes, but. Copper does not disappear completely from the Spanish map. More than two million customers are still connected by coaxial cable using HFC technology (fiber-coaxial hybrid). They are mainly of operators such as Vodafone or Euskaltel. It is not the same copper as the ADSL that has just died, but technically it is still copper that carries the signal to the home. The difference: this coaxial coexists with the fiber in a hybrid network that offers speeds far superior to the old telephone copper pair. Deepen. The Spanish fiber revolution is no accident. It started when the Spanish regulator liberalized the market and forced Telefónica to share its infrastructure. The competition between operators accelerated the deployment. Now that infrastructure will be the basis for the next generations of mobile networks, the Internet of things and future technologies to develop. Spain has built a digital infrastructure prepared for the future. In Xataka | 100 years after his birth, Telefónica faces the greatest existential dilemma in its history: what wants to be older Outstanding image | Lightsaber Collection in Unspash

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