Extend the life of your dinosaur carrier

To give us an idea, a nuclear aircraft carrier It can operate for more than 20 years without refueling and mobilize thousands of people, including crew and air wing. Each of these ships, or floating mini-cities, acts as a total military base capable of intervening anywhere on the planet in a matter of days. The problem is that they also have an expiration date. A decision that was not in the plans. The announced and unusual USS Nimitz aircraft carrier extension until 2027 does not seem to respond to a planned improvement or a long-term strategic update of the United States, but rather to a correction on the fly derived from the turbulent times and current war conflicts. We are talking about the oldest aircraft carrier in Washington’s fleet, it had to start his withdrawal much earlierbut that the Navy has chosen to keep it active to cover a gap that cannot be filled with other means. It is a very unusual decision because it prolongs the life of a ship that has already far exceeded its planned operating cycle, indicating that the original planning has been exceeded. due to the current situation. The requirement: 11. Behind it there is an idea that no one has wanted to knock down. The United States is required by law to maintain at least eleven aircraft carriers in servicebut meeting that number has become increasingly complicated. The removal of a ship of these characteristics without having its replacement ready generates an immediate deficit that affects the entire operational structure. In this case, the Nimitz is kept in service not because it is essential for its own sake, but because it is necessary to maintain that legal minimum and avoid a drop in global deployment capacity. Nimitz flight deck A delay and the consequences. Plus: the problem is aggravated because the aircraft carrier that was to replace it, the USS John F. Kennedyit will not be ready until, at least, the year 2027. This industrial delay forces us to extend the life of old systems to maintain operational continuity. In a fleet where each unit requires years of construction and planning, any slippage in the schedule has direct and long-lasting effects. The Nimitz thus becomes a temporary solution to cover this gap, but also a symptom that the renewal of the fleet is not following the expected pace. Subjected to intensive use. At the same time, aircraft carriers in service are operating under pressure extremely high. Deployments that should last between six and eight months are becoming longer, affecting both the condition of the ships and the crews. Already we tell it these days. The case of the USS Gerald R. Ford is possibly the most illustrative: after months of deployment and accumulated problems, a fire has forced him to temporarily withdraw from the operation in the Middle East. Thus, each incident or delay further reduces global availability and forces the remaining resources to be redeployed. Chain effect. Additionally, when aircraft carriers remain deployed longer than expected, maintenance it delays and accumulates. This not only affects the vessel in question, but the entire fleet planning, since shipyards, crews and repair cycles are designed years in advance. The result is a domino chain effect in which each extension or breakdown complicates the next rotationreducing operational flexibility and increasing overall wear and tear. The context: a constant presence. All this occurs at a time when the demand for aircraft carriers is especially high. The war in the east Middle and tensions in Asia They require a sustained naval presence in multiple regions at the same time. Thus, while aircraft carriers remain the United States’ main power projection tool, their number and availability do nothing more than the ability to cover all scenarios simultaneously, because when one is out of service, the impact is immediately noticeable. Nimitz and the problem. Ultimately, the decision of keep active to the aircraft carrier USS Nimitz is not exactly a sign of strength, but rather of adjustment to a situation increasingly demanding. Indicates that the Navy is using all available resources to sustain your level of presence globally, even those models that were destined to be retired. Worse still, in practical terms, it reflects a fleet that, although still capable of operating in multiple scenarios, does so with less margin of reserve and greater dependence on exceptional decisions to maintain balance. And where a fire in a laundry or a problem in the toilets can be the same incendiary than a ballistic missile. Image | USN, JET311 In Xataka | The largest US aircraft carrier leaves Iran with a feces problem, without laundry and with its soldiers sleeping on the floor In Xataka | The US has the most advanced nuclear aircraft carrier on the planet. What it does not have is a way to unclog its pipes of feces.

They became millionaires searching for dinosaur feces

Finding gold, diamonds or oil has been the origin of many of the greatest fortunes in history. A stroke of luck or investing in excavations in the right area and at the right time were the key to amassing an enormous fortune. However, sometimes that fortune comes with much less “glamorous” finds. In the United Kingdom at the beginning of the 19th century, coming across the remains of a dinosaur was very striking. But encounter his feces could become a lucrative business made many millionaires lucky. There’s a new gold: dinosaur dung At the beginning of the 19th century, the famous fossil hunter Mary Anning He came across some strange dark and irregularly shaped nodules on the coast of Dorset, a county in the south of England. The paleontologist studied these strange fossilized remains and discovered that they were full of fish scales and small fragmented bones trapped in their structure. That intrigued experts who began studying them in more detail. In 1829, the geologist William Buckland examined them and determined that these remains were fossilized feces of ichthyosaurs and called them coprolites, kopros (dung in Greek) and lithos (stone). These fossils from the Lower Cretaceous (110 million years ago) were preserved in soft, phosphate-rich seabeds. As the writer Martin Sayers highlighted in an article in History Extraalthough they looked like common rocks, their high mineral content triggered a unexpected “gold rush” to find them. in 1845 John Stevens Henslowa Cambridge professor, revealed that these curious fossils not only had a paleontological interestbut they also contained up to 40% phosphoric acid that they had absorbed from the clay soil, and it was perfect for compost after grinding it and treating it with sulfuric acid. William Buckland analyzed coprolites After the Napoleonic Wars, the United Kingdom, like the rest of Europe, suffered a pressing shortage of food, so the fertilizer use that increased crop productivity skyrocketed. In this context, finding raw materials to manufacture these fertilizers became a lucrative business. That is where the depositions that the dinosaurs were dispersing throughout what is now southwestern England come into play. Coprolite fever According to Sayers’ account, in 1858, Robert Walton leased land in Cambridge for £200 per acre per year, which was in itself a small fortune. His intention was to create one of the first open air mines to extract in an industrialized way the numerous coprolites that had been found in the area. The starting signal was given for a business that made many seekers millionaires. Coprolite mine in Trumpington (Cambridge) According the studies At St Mary’s Twickenham University in London, thousands of miners flocked to the area and deep shafts were dug to extract the coveted dinosaur droppings. With its extraction not only did the businessman earn a lot of money, he also paid very juicy salaries. A miner earned 10 shillings a day washing and sorting coprolites, twice as much as a farmer. This caused all agricultural activity in the area to become mining, industrializing the southern part of the United Kingdom. The demand for labor was such that workers and coprolite seekers began to arrive from all corners of the country, making the “coprolite fever“. Fossilized dinosaur poop fetched £3 a ton, and a mine like the one Walton had created produced around 300 tonnes of coprolite. That is to say, if you had enough money to pay the rent for the land and the labor, the profitability of the extraction could make you earn a lot of money. This unleashed madness in Cambridgeshire, Suffolk and Bedfordshire. From 1850, local and foreign miners flooded the county, excavating areas of southern England like burwellReach or Coldham’s Common with simple methods: dig holes 6 to 10 meters deep and scoop out clay with buckets or carts to filter its contents and find the valuable coprolites. According to the historical recordslocal production reached 90% of British phosphate, some 54,000 tons annually in 1877, valued at more than £150,000 a year. The data points Because, in 1874, the dinosaur dung industry contributed around 628,000 pounds annually to the British economy, exceeding by more than 20,000 pounds the contribution made by materials such as tin, which in those years was a key product in United Kingdom exports. The risk of extraction was very high because the clay terrain made the excavations prone to collapses, burying the workers, and diseases from contaminated water plagued the camps of coprolite seekers. Even so, the fever lasted decades and was revived during World War I, driven by demand for phosphorus to make ammunition for the army. However, once declared the armistice in 1918the coprolite mines in the United Kingdom were sealed again and all the product was imported from the US, where the coprolites were closer to the surface and their extraction was much simpler and cheaper. In Xataka | Seven of the ten largest fortunes in the world in 2026 are due to AI: this illustrative graph makes it very clear Image | Unsplash (David Valentine), Wikimedia Commons (United States Geological Survey, Diego Delso, National Portrait Gallery), Cambridgeshire Collections

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