In 1888 an English doctor dissected a corpse down to its nerves. And illuminated forensic science along the way

If you stop by the bookstore of the Faculty of Medicine of the Drexel Universityin Philadelphia, you’re most likely in for a scare. Fright that will be followed by an uncomfortable gesture. Discomfort from which you will jump to surprise. And surprise that will give way to absolute fascination. There, locked in a glass display case located in the Student Activities Center of the faculty, received visitors until at least a couple of years ago, a dissected human body, tall, well bleached and with bulbous eyes with an expression of superlative and perennial surprise. The most curious thing is that the corpse does not preserve the skin. Not even the muscles. Not even the veins. Not even cartilage. Not even the bones. The corpse, baptized “Harriet”, is pure nerve. And it is in the most literal and full sense of the word. “Harriet” is the result of the surgical virguería of the late 19th century, the result of meticulous and pioneering work – it had so much of both that there were those who believed it impossible – prepared more than 130 years ago by the Dr. Rufus B. Weavera former professor of Hahnemann Medical Collegenow known as Drexel College. Maybe in the era of 3D printing Harriet’s vision is less moving than in 1900, when medical students observed her; but the effect revives when you know two things. One, that Harriet are the remains of a real person, a former employee of the center who died at the age of 35; two, that to give it shape Weaver had to arm himself with patience and separate, filament by filament, the entire nervous system. The process took five to six months. and it only failed in the intercostal area. This is your story. With the eye of an anatomist and the pulse of a seamstress By the late 1880s Dr. Weaver was a well-established and respected professional. He was almost 50, had made a name for himself by identifying and removing bodies from fallen soldiers at Gettysburg and had been working for some time as a professor of Anatomy at the Hahnemann Medical College. In mind, however, Weaver had a project that would allow him to gain fame in the United States and abroad: completing a total dissection of the cerebrospinal system. During his travels through Europe he had seen partial works, but none that showed a complete “x-ray”. Help for his task came, it is believed, from where he least expected: from Harriet Cole, a young African American who was dedicated to cleaning the anatomy laboratory. Although he was only 35 years old, Cole’s health was very delicate. He suffered tuberculosis and his forces were greatly undermined. Before he died in 1888, however, he decided to donate his body to science and offer Dr. Weaver the opportunity he was looking for for his ambitious nervous system project. Over the next six months, Professor Weaver, armed with patience, eyesight and a seamstress’s hand, set about extracting the entire cerebrospinal nervous system. It takes a look at the result to understand that the work was anything but simple. Only the base of the skull required two weeks of dedicationalmost half a month during which he cut the bones piece by piece to keep the dura mater intact and that the eyes remained attached to the optic nerves. With the help of a very fine needle he separated the cranial nerves, the spinal cord and its nerves. Then he used bandages, gauze and pads soaked in alcohol and applied white lead-based paint and shellac to preserve them. Extracting and preserving the intricate system of filaments that shaped Harriet Cole’s system was only part of the challenge. To shape the composition that still today, 13 decades later, continues to amaze Drexel medical students, he had to suspend the mass of fibers from a special board with thousands of pins. The result, named “Harriet” in a nod to the donor, was used by Weaver for his anatomy classes at Hahnemann Medical College; but his virguería soon transcended the walls of the laboratory and even the limits of Philadelphia. In 1839, about three years after the professor’s death, the board was presented and achieved distinction in the famous Word’s Columbian Exhibition. Since then, Harriet’s image has been reproduced in books, articles… Even today, more than 130 years later, the Legacy Center in Drexel University welcomes applications of teachers who want to use their images for their classes at universities or secondary schools. Who was Harriet? As time has passed, the focus has also been placed on Cole herself. Years ago precisely the Legacy Center decided to go beyond inherited history since the end of the 19th century and delve into the figure of the former Hahnemann cleaner. Specifically, he asked himself some questions: Did Harriet really exist? And if it was so, who was it? Why did he donate his body? Under what circumstances did you decide it? Did she know what Professor Weaver would use her corpse for? During their investigation they found many clues and circumstantial evidence, but no conclusive data. The Legacy Center located an 1870 census entry referring to an African-American woman named Harriet Cole who worked as a domestic servant and lived in Philadelphia, right in the same district where Hahnemann College was located; also a death certificate with his name signed in March 1888 and which attributes the cause of death to tuberculosis. What’s more, the center dedicated to medical study is designated as the “place of burial.” Does that mean that Harriet is the same person that, stripped of muscles, veins, bones and cartilage, we continue to see pinned at Drexel University? The institution recognizes that it is very difficult to know. The gaps in the center’s records between 1869 and 1900 make it difficult to go further. In any case, slip that it is not crazy think that Harriet Cole was a poor woman who, faced with the prospect of imminent death, decided to bequeath her … Read more

In 1901, Russian explorers found the corpse of a frozen mammoth. What happened to his meat is a mystery

Although we are trying to bring them backthousands of years ago mammoths disappeared from the face of the Earth. However, for centuries, humans fed on its flesh, created tools with their bones and were protagonists in the stories that were drawn on the walls. Now, although they disappeared about 4,000 years ago, there are stories that claim that less than 100 years ago, there were those who ate mammoth meat. Its flavor? Like a sirloin of the time. Of course, there is quite a bit of ‘sauce’ that masks this culinary story. The Berezovka mammoth. Otto Ferdinandovich Harz was a Russian-German naturalist who, at the beginning of the 20th century, participated in the famous Siberian excavation of 1901 in which the Berezovka mammoth. It is about one of the best preserved specimensif not the best, because he died when he was between 45 and 50 years old in the Permafrost, more than 44,000 years ago. That’s how they found it. The most superficial part, the skull, had been gnawed by wolves, but look at the state of the buried paw The peculiarity. This exposure to extreme temperatures allowed researchers to find a piece in enviable conditions. The wolves had eaten some of the meat, but the carcass was complete and even herbs in its mouth and 12 kilos of food in its stomach were recovered. The conditions allowed us to determine that the skin was a reddish brown color, with curly hair about 50 centimeters long, a 35 centimeter tail, a penis in good condition and a layer of fat nine centimeters thick, key to withstanding low temperatures. The size? 2.8 meters high by just over four meters long. Reconstruction of the mammoth at the time of its death “Appetizing“Unearthing the animal was not quick. The researchers set up a tent at the excavation point and got to work. Here we entered turbulent terrain because legends begin. Nobody was there on those cold Siberian nights to see what was being cooked, but there are those who point out that there was mammoth meat in that casserole. Due to the good conservation of the meat, the rumor was that the members of the expedition ate part of the mammoth to last the nights. But there’s a twist: it turns out that although it didn’t look bad, when it thawed, the smell could be nauseating. Even seasoned, it was too much for the human nose and, although jokingly they dared to try it (after a story which points to alcohol consumption as a trigger), it seems that in the end they gave it to the dogs at the camp. The Explorers Club. Another story goes in the opposite direction: after arriving at St. Petersburg Zoological Museumwhere you can see both the remains and a faithful representation of the mammoth at the time of its death, Otto began to sort through the remains and realized that the meat was of no use. Therefore, he organized a dinner for colleagues. The requirement? That these also carried something from prehistory. Evidence that they ate mammoth meat from 44,000 years ago? None, but the story is good. Same as that of New York Explorers Club. It turns out that, according to legends, the explorers of 1901 were not the only recent humans to have tasted mammoth meat. Founded in 1904, the Explorers Club of New York is a society dedicated to the exploration of land, sea, air and space (more recently, of course). It was created to support exploration exploits and has notable and honored members such as Neil Armstrong, Buzz Aldrin, Jane Goodall, Richard Garriott either James Cameronamong many others. Part of a room at the ‘Explorers CLub’. Humble. Myth. Anyone who makes a documented and outstanding contribution to scientific knowledge through field expeditions can be a member. Aside from that adventurous spirit, what its members share are annual banquets in which the menu is… exotic. has been eaten polar bear or seal babies (to comment on this), but also crocodile tail, caramelized yak and a large number of insects fried, in quesadillas, baked, or in dessert form. What if they didn’t eat dodo? It’s because there wasn’t, wow. Dinner at the club What they are said to have eaten was mammoth: woolly mammoth discovered in Alaska. Supposedly, it was Roosevelt and Armstrong who, at the 1951 dinner, tasted this ancient meat. They were going to eat meat megatheriumwhich was a kind of enormous sloth, but it seems that a misinterpretation by a magazine that covered the dinner led them to think that “megaterium” was another term for “mammoth”, so it went down in history as, that day, they ate mammoth at the prestigious event. The turn. It turns out, and here comes the twist, that a member of the club was not going to be able to attend and asked that they give him his portion in a jar so he could keep it. He put “megatherium meat” and took it to the Bruce Museum in Greenwich. He left it there, but fate wanted it to end up at the Peabody Museum of Natural History and, in 2014, some researchers performed DNA tests to see what the hell it was. It didn’t matter if it was a mammoth: the fact that in 1951 they had had megatherium for dinner would still be just as impressive. Well, neither a mammoth… nor a giant sloth: the analysis showed that it was turtle meat. And not a Pleistocene turtle, but a green sea turtle that, yes, is protected and in danger of extinction, but not extinct. The mammoth meatball. Legend pointed to this similarity between the modern sirloin and mammoth meat, but in the absence of documents, it seems that any consumption of mammoth in the last 4,000 years is difficult to believe. What is known is that, in 1979, a paleontologist who discovered a bison from 50,000 years ago He couldn’t resist the temptation of making a good stew with its meat. It wouldn’t smell … Read more

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