hole

Astronomers have seen live the awakening of a giant black hole. They had never detected something so violent

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Good morning, Ansky. SDSS1335+0728 was a black hole so boring that it didn’t even have a nickname. Located 300 million light years, in the constellation of Virgo, he had been asleep from our point of view. But go aroused. The supermassive black hole has aroused in such a violent way that it has left fascinated and somewhat baffled astronomers. Now it is an active galactic nucleus (AGN) dodged affectionately “Ansky”. Years of study. The galaxy where Ansky is began to shine unexpectedly in visible light at the end of 2019. Chilean astronomer Paula Sánchez Sáez, of the Southern European Observatory (ESO), leads the first team that detected activation. “When we saw Ansky illuminate in optical images, we activate monitoring observations with the NASA X -ray space telescope and review archived data of the erosite German telescope,” Paula says in a statement. “But at that time we did not see evidence of X -ray emissions.” The surprise arrived in February 2024. A second team led by Lorena Hernández-García, from the University of Valparaíso (in Chile), saw how Ansky began to emit gusts of incredibly energy and regular X-ray. “It is the first time we observed such an event in a black hole that seems to be waking up,” Lorena explains. Out of the ordinary. He XMM-Newton telescope From the European Space Agency it has allowed to measure the faint x -ray light that comes to us from the explosions, which has been key to measuring how much energy releases Ansky in each “flash”. Known as “quasiperiódicas eruptions” (QPES), X -ray emissions turned out to be ten times longer and ten times luminous than other supermassive black holes. Each eruption of Ansky releases a hundred times more energy than the Qpes observed so far. In addition, it had never seen a time between eruptions so wide, with a cadence of four and a half days. Ansky takes astronomical models to the limit and challenges our current ideas on how these flashes are generated. What causes these explosions? The most accepted theory about the QPES is that they are caused by the interaction of an object (such as a smaller star or hole) with the accretion disc (the hot and bright material that revolves around the black hole before being engulf). They usually occur when the Black hole is eaten a starbut it does not seem to be the case of Ansky. This has led the international astronomer team to consider other possibilities. Perhaps the accretion disk will be formed from gas captured from the galactic environment, and the flares are the result of highly energetic shock waves caused by a smaller object that orbit and disturbed repeatedly the disc. Gravitational waves. Notice Real Time Awakening It is an unprecedented opportunity to check if their energy eruptions could be related to gravitational waves, predicted by Einstein’s relativity and detected for the first time a few years ago. The smooth mission of ESA and NASA will try to observe these disturbances in the space-time fabric from point L1 of Lagrange after its launch in an Ariane 6 rocket planned for 2035. Image | THAT In Xataka | We knew that the supermassive black holes were huge. Thanks to James Webb, now we know we were short

that our universe is inside a black hole

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The observations of the James Webb space telescope (JWST) have allowed us to realize a strange trend, and that is that a surprisingly high part of the galaxies of our environment revolve in the same direction. This has led them to ask a unique question: is our universe inside a black hole? Two thirds. A survey of more than 260 galaxies made from the observations of James Webb have given a curious result. According to these data, about two thirds of the observed galaxies They turn in the direction of the clock needleswhile the other third revolves in the opposite direction. 263 Galaxies. The data has been obtained in the context of the Jades survey (James Webb Space Telescope Advanced Deep Extragalactic Survey), which analyzed A region of the universe located in the surroundings of our galactic pole. In this, the sense of rotation of 263 galaxies could be identified. These numbers have caught the attention of experts. In a recent articlepublished in the magazine Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical SocietyLior Shamir, from the Kansas state of the state, pointed out this apparent imbalance and proposed various hypotheses to explain it. Explaining the phenomenon. If the Jades sample is representative of what happens in the observable universe, it could be indicative that galaxies have a “preference” for rotating in a certain directionwhich in turn could be the indication that the universe as a whole “was born” rotating. According to Shamir himself explainsthis rotation inherent in the cosmos is not consistent with contemporary cosmological models, which would make them “incomplete” theories. However, this would be consistent with the so -called “black hole cosmology.” The cosmology of the black hole postulates that the entire observable universe would be inside a black hole and also contemplate the possibility that black holes in our universe in turn content other universes inside. Diverse hypotheses. The black hole hypothesis may be the most fascinating, but not the only one. We pointed out before the possibility that the hypothesis of the existence of a preferential rotation direction was assuming that the sample observed was representative of the rest of the observable universe. However, the possibility of a bias in the sample is not negligible. Doppler effect. According to Shamir himself indicatesthe sample could be overrepresenting the galaxies that revolve in a certain direction. The reason is on the Doppler effect, an effect that links the frequency of the waves that reach a certain point based on the relative speed between such a point and the wave emission focus. When emitter and receiver approach, the waves are compressed, while if they move away, the wavelength increases. This could be occurring with the electromagnetic waves of these galaxies due to the displacement of our solar system when orbiting the center of our galaxy. According to Shamir, the galaxies that rotate in the opposite direction to the rotation of our planet become lougenous, so they can identify better from our point of view. The rotational speed of our planet had been considered too small to alter the data due to the Doppler effect. However, the data can also be alerting that this is not the case, which in turn would imply that we must emphasize some of our measures of the distant universe. In Xataka | We believed to know how many moons Saturn had. After a year studying them, an astronomer team has taken a surprise Image | Lior Shamir, 2025

A hole of 700 million euros with the Treasury

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The many joys that RTVE is receiving In terms of audience They have a reverse in the form of Continuous conflicts with the Treasury. And it seems that we have a new drama in perspective: there is a mismatch in VAT contributed by the entity that could cause, According to the worldan “economic breakdown” of up to 739 million euros. Millions in losses. It is being a complicated year for RTVE in economic matters. In January of this year, President José Pablo López appeared for the first time before the Parliamentary Control Commission and recognized losses of 30 million in the budgetary exercises of 2023 and 2024, which would have to be covered with the reserve funds destined for this purpose by the SEPI. However, its management has been valued very positively: in May 2024 its predecessor in office, Cascajosa Concepción, already warned of the red numbers of RTVE’s accounts, which some media like the world They encrypted in those 30 million that have not increased during López’s management. More tensions. However, the conflict with the Treasury due to VAT is somewhat greater. “A disparity of criteria is maintained in relation to the supported VAT that must be considered deductible” affirms the memory of accounts, and that refers to a conflict that dates back to 2018, coinciding with the arrival of the PSOE to the Government YLA controversial entry into the presidency from RTVE by Rosa María Mateo. It was then that the Treasury initiated an inspection against several public televisions when they considered that they had to pay VAT for the subsidies they received TVE believes he doesn’t have to pay. Since then, RTVE considers that it is not obliged to pay the VAT that is claimed, relying on a judgment of the European Court of Justice around a case in Bulgaria that supports the exemption of VAT. This same criteria was applied in Spain in 2024 in the case of the Television of Castilla-La Mancha. But RTVE’s problems with VAT do not end there: not only is the problem of how this tax pays, but how it deduces it. VAT deductions. There are three open procedures with TVE on this last topic, and understand three periods: From January 2015 to October 2017 November 2017 to December 2021 From January 2022 to December 2022 TVE’s forecasts are always optimistic, and believes that the Treasury must reintegrate money into the three processes: 255 million, 151.95 million and 42 million, respectively. There are precedents: in June 2024, the National Court sentenced that the Treasury had to return 140 million euros to RTVE, relieveing ​​in this way The complicated RTVE accounts. Changes, changes. All these conflicts coincide over time with a very marked tone change in the chain: José Pablo López has appointed as TVE number 2 to Sergio Calderónwhich is undertaking a renewal of the contents that It is not going to end in Broncano (An acquisition of the previous directive), but already plans to attack the afternoons of the chain, giving it somewhat more modern airs. All if the budgets, immovable since 2009they allow it. Header | RTVE In Xataka | The controversy between Pablo Motos and David Broncano will not end soon: both of them are working

The Webb Telescope observed the black hole in the center of the Milky Way. Has discovered a chaotic light show

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Three years ago we saw for the first time The Supermassive Black Hole that inhabits the center of our galaxy. Now the James Webb space telescope has opened a window to study its surroundings. And it has turned out to be a chaotic show of lights that never stops. Context. In the center of the Milky Way inhabits A gigantic black hole called Sagittarius a*. Astronomers have managed to unravel the extreme dynamics of their accretion disk, the spiral of gas and dust that turns around it. To do this, they observed it for 48 hours (distributed in several periods of 2023 and 2024) using the Nircam instrument of the Webb Telescope. A disco ball. The observations revealed that sgr a* emits A continuous game of lights and flashes which is characterized by constant blinking interspersed with a series of intense eruptions. These emissions have a weak and continuous component, probably originated in the internal turbulence of the disc, and a bright and short -term component, eruptions associated with magnetic reconnection, in which magnetic fields collide and release huge amounts of energy. Fluctuations can occur in seconds or as changes that extend for days, weeks and months. The explanation. The study of these variable emissions, published in The Astrophysical Journal Letterssuggests that fluctuations intensify at major scales. According to researchers, the small internal disturbances of the disk, associated with fluctuations in density and magnetic field, generate the faint flashes, while large eruptions are related to specific events of magnetic reconnection, comparable to the solar flares, but at levels much older energy. “In our data we observe a constantly changing luminosity,” Farhad Yusef-Zadeh explainsmain author of the study. “Suddenly, Boom! A great explosion of brightness appears suddenly and then calms down, without following a fixed pattern.” This nature, apparently random, demonstrates that the accretion disc is regenerated all the time, causing between five and six and six Great daily rashes, in addition to multiple intermittent outbreaks. The lags. An advantage of the NIRCAM instrument of the Webb Telescope is its ability to observe two infrared wavelengths simultaneously (2.1 and 4.8 micrometers). This allowed researchers to compare how the brightness of eruptions with each wavelength changed. Surprisingly, they discovered that the events observed in the shortest wavelength changed shine a little before the events of the longest. “It is the first time that we see a delay in the measurements of these wavelengths,” said Yusef-Zadeh. “We notice that the longest wavelength is delayed between three and 40 seconds.” This finding is a key clue that energy particles lose energy as they cool, a process known as syncrotron cooling. New observations. Researchers now plan to make a continuous observation of up to 24 hours from SGR A* using the Webb Telescope, which will help them determine if eruptions follow repetitive patterns or if they are truly random. Each flash and every flicker on the accretion disk of the supermassive hole offers us a deeper understanding of physics on the events horizon, one of the most extreme environments in the universe. In other words, it helps us discover how space-time and matter behave under the influence of overwhelming gravity. Image | NASA, ESA, CSA, RALF CRAWFORD (STSCI) In Xataka | The Webb Telescope has managed to penetrate the nucleus of a neighboring galaxy, home to a furiously active black hole In Xataka | Telescopes from all over the world worked together in this image: the black hole of the Milky Way and its magnetic fields

The United Kingdom has been investigating why there is a giant hole in a street. The problem is that another

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At the beginning of February there was such an unusual event in Japan that it was news worldwide. In the north of Tokyo it had appeared a giant hole that “swallowed” a truck and its driver. Worse: every day that passed it became bigger. The story in Asia is not over yet, but in Europe the scene has just been repeated. On Monday, the United Kingdom dawned with a mysterious and giant hole in a street. And then there were two. An unexpected collapse. The story began last Monday night. A huge crater appeared on a very busy street in the town of Godstonein Surrey County, England, growing rapidly until reaching 20 meters long, six meters wide and five meters deep. Shortly after, a second hole of five by five meters and the same depth arose on the other side of the street. Although both have stopped expanding at this time, the magnitude of the sinking has forced to evacuate around 30 homes and has generated serious concerns about the structural safety of the area. The solution goes for long. What the hell is happening. The big question. Although the exact cause is still unconfirmed, Geologists suggest several hypotheses. The region is settled on weakly cemented sandstones dating from the lower Cretaceous period, more than 100 million years ago, an area that It can easily erode with the action of water. In this regard, Pete Burgess, expert from the Wealden Cave and Mines Society, explained that The nineteenth -century maps show an area marked as a “sand quarry”. This quarry would have been exploited for decades to extract sand used in construction and gardening, leaving unstable land. Plus: factors such as heavy rainsexacerbated by climate change, could be further weakening underground structures, causing collapse or collapse. In addition, and as it happened in the case of Tokyoit is possible that a broken pipe has eroded the rocky substrate, or even that the roof of one of those old sand mines has collapsed, triggering the sinking and in turn, damaging a water pipe. That said, what is most repeated among experts is that The growing urbanization in the United Kingdom has increased pressure on infrastructure of sanitation already aged. Impact on the community. Although they have not reported injured, the life of residents if it has been seriously affected. Cases such as Noosh Miri, one of the evacuated people, who declared that His house is no longer safe and does not know when he can return. Traffic, of course, has diverted, and the country’s media speak of a car that was dangerously close to the edge of the second hole, without its owner being able to withdraw it. In addition, some residents have had to Spend the first nights in their vehicles due to uncertainty about the stability of their homes. For all this, Tandridge District Council has enabled an information center to attend those affectedwhile Bletchingley Parish Council has offered its sports hall as Temporary refuge for those who do not have housing insurance. Councilor Linda Baharier stood out The difficulty facing tenants who do not have insurance coverage and must find a long -term housing alternative. A call to the community has even been released so that who have available rooms can host. Economic impact: closure of shops. The economic repercussions of the disaster are also significant. I told the BBC Shane Fryowner of the mechanical workshop DD Services, of his concern about the closure of the road and the restricted access to his business, which has drastically reduced its clientele. “We have lost an important part of our income because people cannot get here or simply choose not to come,” he lamented. With four employees in charge and families that depend on the workshop, Fry anticipates difficult months. Other businesses in the area face the same uncertainty. Graham Bristow, owner of Blossoms Café, told the British chain that his daughter, who manages the business with him, is trying to stay optimistic, but fears that the next months will be devastating. “If we suffer losses, will there be any kind of help, such as tax reductions? We don’t know it,” he said. Measures to repair a giant hole. Local authorities have cataloged the incident as A “major emergency case”. Currently, they are being carried out Structural studies to evaluate security of the area and determine how to fill the craters definitively. The bad news? Than repairs They could take at least months. Meanwhile, some residents have been able to return to their homes to collect essential belongings, although there is still no clear date for their final return. Let’s think that repairs not only involve filling the holes, but completely rebuild the road from the baserelocating and reconnecting all public service pipes and networks before being able to repair. Are these undercuts common? The truth is that sinkings in the United Kingdom They are usually smaller and occur in rural areasalthough occasionally they emerge in urban areas. In December 2023, a sinking in Wales affected the house of a reality winner Love Island. That said, the collapse in Surrey has been particularly striking, and geologists repeat that although Most housing are not built on land of old registered minesin some cases the houses have been built on those undicted medieval mines, which It generates unforeseen risks. In short and As in Tokyothe two undercuts in the United Kingdom have evidenced the vulnerability of certain urban areas to geological and climatic factors. While experts work in solutions and in determining the exact cause of collapse, residents face the uncertainty of an uncertain return to their homes, possibly months. If you want also, the incident stands out The need to review and reinforce infrastructure in areas with sinking potentialespecially in a context of growing urbanization and climatic changes that could aggravate this type of phenomena in the future. Image | Peter McDermott In Xataka | Japan has been trying to get a man out of a hole for six days. … Read more

We already know how big the hole that Ryanair will leave in the small cities of Spain will leave: 640,000 squares

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He will leave Jerez and Valladolid. And will drastically reduce its operations in Vigo. It will also offer less flights at the airports of Santiago de Compostela, Zaragoza, Asturias and Santander. That is Ryanair’s decision made In response to AENA rates that consider excessive and the lack of incentives to maintain airlines. In total, it is estimated that 643,000 seats will be lost With the departure of the company Low-Cost of these airports or the reduction of their activity from this summer. The company’s numbers point to a reduction in the offer of 800,000 places But a small part of these seats will be compensated with the arrival of other airlines or the increase in their activity. Incentives and rates in the center of the conflict With Ryanair’s departure, it is also confirmed that it is the minor airports that more will suffer from summer. Valladolid is undoubtedly the city that in relative terms more passengers loses. This summer will have 96,000 seats less. It will go from the 154,000 seats offered in 2024 to just 60,000 places, which represents a reduction of 61%. However, in absolute terms, Santiago de Compostela airport is the one that will lose the most passengers from all over Spain. Next summer will have 334,000 less places, which is a reduction of 11.4% compared to last year’s programming. A blow to a city that has in the summer a wave of tourism arrived from the Camino de Santiago. Among the most affected airports, Zaragoza is another of the places where its departure will most be noticed, losing 113,000 seats that represent 18.5% of the operations. Santander, with 88,000 lost places, will lose 10% of its passenger volume compared to last year. Jerez will stay at 7%, with 52,400 places offered less. Other airports, however, manage to hold the stick that supposes the exit of the Irish company. Vigo, where Ryanair announced a reduction of 61% of its operations, will grow and offer this summer 64,700 seats more than in 2024, 8.8% higher than last year. Asturias will not run so much luck but cushion the impact with a reduction in the volume of travelers that is barely reflected in a 1.8% decrease (27,000 places less). In general terms, AENA will lose 643,000 places offered with the departure of Ryanair from some of its airports and the descent of its operations. An output that occurs after the company indicated AENA’s rates as abusive and incentives to operate in small insufficient airports. For their part, in Aena they have seen this movement as blackmail, according to Five days. Although in recent days the Irish company has generated even more noise with an aggressive advertising campaign in which Call “clown” to Pablo Bustinduy, Minister of Consumptionusing the fine receivable in the cabin As a claim, it was the operating rates in AENA and the lack of incentives in small airports that motivated the exit of these places. The rates charged by Aena are designed to guarantee the proper functioning of an airport, is the price to be paid for a company to provide the security or cleaning service, among others. On average, Companies pay 10.35 euros per passenger in Spain But in smaller airports they barely reach two or three euros because some incentives are applied to operate in these lines. For example, 100% of the rate of reduced mobility travelers or 100% of the safety rate is reimbursed, to make these spaces more attractive from the big cities. Decisions that are not enough for Ryanair who ask “A substantial reduction” Of the same or that, even, “if there is a regional airport with 500,000 passengers, which is given a discount to all the 50% airlines on the existing traffic and free for the next 50,000 passengers”, in the words of Eddie Wilson , CEO of Ryanair, during an interview with Five days. What Wilson does not do in that interview is one of the economic incentives from low -cost airlines that provide services at these airports and receive subsidies from institutions in the form of advertising to maintain their flights. They are contracts that, with its departure, the airline is breaking and that allowed, for example, that In Vigo a fluid line was maintained with London airport. Photo | Marty Sakin In Xataka | Ryanair’s breakdown is a warning for world tourism: plane tickets are very expensive

We have dedicated six years to process images of a black hole to reach a conclusion: Einstein was right

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Several years have passed since the Telescope of the Event Horizon (EHT) published the famous first image of a black holetaken in 2017. The photo has yes doquestioned by some researchersbut the EHT last year published a second image of the black hole M87*, taken in 2018. The new photo not only validated the original, but once again corroborates the Einstein’s general relativity theory. The largest radio telescope. To obtain the image of the black hole in the center of the Messier 87 galaxy, we needed to build a radio telescope about 10,000 kilometers in diameter. Since the land has a diameter of 13,000, the EHT took a more reasonable path: Extract data from different receptors, telescopes and radio antennas from all over the world and combine them by interferometry. The EHT produced 250 Petabytes of information in a one -week interval. It took a couple of years to process all the information and publish an image. But first, he added a new telescope to the project (the GLT of Greenland) and took the second image of M87* that saw the light in 2024. Six years processing. The second image of the black hole M87*, taken a year and ten days after the original, in April 2018, took six to process and publish, but it was worth it. On the one hand, proves that 2017’s observations were fine. The Persistence of the size of the central shadow In both images confirms the original estimate of the dimensions of the black hole, dissipating the criticisms about the simulations dependence to calculate this data. On the other, comparing the two images shows that the ring of matter around the black hole is rotating as expected. The brightest part has moved 30 degrees, which is consistent with the models of the hole. We are seeing what Einstein predicted. Located 55 million light years from us, M87* is a supermassive black hole in the center of an elliptical galaxy that manipulates the subject with its magnetic fields and expels the one that does not consume at speeds close to that of light. The image of 2018, like its predecessor of 2017, reflects this tumultuous activity with a bright ring around it. This validates the theory that the diameter of the event horizon, and therefore that of the black hole itself, is intrinsically linked to its mass, framing a central shadow that Albert Einstein’s equations predicted more than a century ago. Why it looks like a donut. That brilliant donut called accretion disc should be very fine, but we get very dispersed and unemployed. Throughout the trip he has made through space, his light has dispersed by the dust in interstellar space, which leads us to see it in this way. Despite the dispersion, the image is clear enough to confirm not only Black hole rotation but also the alignment of its rotational axis with a powerful stream of material (“relativistic jet”) that moves away from M87. The importance of reproducing results. Although it will take six years to arrive, this vindic confirmation the findings of the EHT and is seen as a milestone for global scientific collaboration, in addition to a robust confirmation that we are facing the shadow of a black hole and the matter that orbit it. Future data analysis will help better understand how magnetic fields and plasma flows within the accretion disc interact. In the next decade, we could even have videos of the evolution of M87* in time thanks to the next generation program of the EHT (NGEHT), which promises images of greater resolution and a broader range of frequencies. All thanks to the collaboration of observatories from all over the world. Image | Event horizon telescope In Xataka | A group of astrophysics has knocked down Kerr’s hypothesis. Black holes are still a source of surprises In Xataka | There is water since the beginning of time: NASA has found 140 billion oceans to 12,000 million light years *An earlier version of this article was published in February 2024

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