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The most beautiful, exciting and hopeful thing about November has come out of England and it is a weather forecast

November 7, 2025 by usatoday24

The most beautiful, interesting and hopeful thing about November has come out of a cold building in the British city of Reading and it is a weather forecast. In its latest seasonal reading, the European Weather Forecast Center has sounded the alarm: Your data points to a negative NAO. And that, as you may have guessed, is magnificent news for Spain. But let’s go in parts and explain what we’re talking about.. The ‘NAO’ is the ‘North Atlantic Oscillation‘: the ‘dance’ between the Azores anticyclone and the Icelandic low, the two major atmospheric phenomena that govern the meteorology of the North Atlantic. When the index we use to “measure who is winning” is negative, the Azores anticyclone is weaker than normal and, for this reason, it cannot block deep Atlantic storms. The direct consequence is that they circulate further south than normal: right at our latitude. That is, precisely, what the ECMWF has planned from its headquarters in Reading, England. Kristian Strommen et al. (2021) It is not an isolated prediction. On the contrary, experts they have been warning weeks of a 2025-26 winter conditioned by La Niña and a potentially weaker polar vortex; that is, with greater probability of cold bursts in southwestern Europe. This is the double confirmation we needed for a seasonal prediction that (seasonal as it is) remains too generic and uncertain. But how positive it is. Why is it important? As I say, for Spain this is, in aggregate termsgood news. By increasing the frequency with which cyclones deviate south (favoring the Atlantic storms that reach us), the direct positive impact is noticeable on the level of reservoirs and the price of energy. How much can we trust a prediction of this type? Moderately. There is no doubt that meteorologists have greatly improved their ability to capture trends, but let’s not fool ourselves: it is already difficult for us to predict 15 days ahead, the seasons and months are another matter. However, it is not a random prediction. We simply have to understand it as a risk or a probable scenario and not as a deterministic and closed forecast. Because, in the end, in the enormous set of possible scenarios, this begins to be the most probable. And, if confirmed, our reservoirs will thank us. Image | WeatherModels In Xataka | Ski resorts without snow at the end of the century: the most pessimistic models show what could happen in our high mountains

The skeptics of the AI warned that we were exciting a lot and we did not believe them: the AI is tontal

August 14, 2025 by usatoday24

GPT-5 is something better that GPT-4. The problem of that phrase is in the word “something.” Openai’s new “unified” model does not seem to represent the qualitative leap that many expected, and that The alarms have sounded again. One might ask what if the AI no longer becomes much better than it is now? But maybe that is already happening and the question is another: what do we do then? The climb works, but less. In 2020 a team of Openai researchers published A study entitled “Laws of climbing for neuronal language models”. They raised a kind of Moore law of the AI: the more data and computation dedicated to training models, the better they would be. That observation was clearly demonstrated when they launched GPT-3, which was 10 times larger than GPT-2 but it was a lot, much better than that model. Deceleration. Gary Marcus, professor of psychology and neuronal sciences at the University of New York, explained in 2022 That this study did not make much sense: “The so -called lawyer laws are not universal laws such as gravity, but simply mere observations that could not be maintained forever.” Even Satya Nadella agreed With this statement a few months ago in the Ignite 2024 event. And as we are seeing, their doubts have come true. The climb works and the models are somewhat better than their predecessors, but The deceleration seems to be there. But GPT-5 is not so bad. The truth is that GPT-5 has improved in relevant metrics. Those responsible for Epoch AI They evaluated His behavior in FrontiermathFor example. The results were a bit better than their O4-mini predecessor, but there were no big yield jumps. Even so, they highlighted how GPT-5 has been the first model to solve a specific problem as if “had fully understood the problem.” In the field of mathematics, GPT-5 behaves something better than its predecessors, but the difference is not radical. The most difficult problems (Tier 4) are still almost impossible for AI models. Source: Epoch AI. And think better. Another independent analysis of the ZVI Mowshowitz analyst He pointed out that although the GPT-5 base model It was correct without further adoits advanced variants (GPT-5 PRO and GPT-5 Thinking) were a substantial improvement with respect to O3-PRO and O3 respectively, especially when mitigating hallucinations. According to your data, “GPT-5 Auto” (the base version) seems like a poor product unless you use the free chatgpt plan “. The same what we need is a symbolic AI. The symbolic (“classic”) represents knowledge using symbols and rules, and is based on logic and formal reasoning to solve problems and make decisions. This type of AI He dominated the panorama From AI until 90, but the lack of notable advances made that discipline stagnate and live a winter of AI. “We leave” with the connectionist, the neural networks that represent knowledge through connections and weights of the nodes of a network of artificial neurons. This discipline was the one that gave rise to the ia generative and the overwhelming success of Chatgpt and its rivals. His surprising good behavior unleashed the current AI fever, But performance advances are slowing down. The skeptics of the AI redouble their speech. Analysts like Ed Zitron – more extreme – or Gary Marcus – defense of the symbolic AI— They have always warned of the exaggerated expectations generated by the generative AI. Even those who were instrumental in the creation of Chatgpt, such as engineer Ilya Sutskever, They warned of the scaling limitations. Reasoning models have softened criticism and are a great alternative for that apparent stagnation of standard models, but even with them the feeling is that AI will not go much further. Thus we will never get to an AGI. Thomas Wolf, co -founder and Chief Science officer of Hugging Face, reflected on the problem A few months ago and concluded that the IAS have become “a country of men who say yes to all servers.” For him things began to be disturbing: “To create an Einstein in a data center we do not need a system that has all the answers, but rather one that is able to wonder things that nobody had thought or nobody had dared to ask.” As this expert pointed out, the current AI does not generate (usually) new knowledge, and “simply fills the holes of what humans already knew.” The current AI is like a fantastic and very applied student, but that student does not challenge what has been taught. He does not question it and does not propose ideas that go against the data with which he has been trained. Yann Lecun, one of the pioneers of the AI, has already concluded on the current generative AI: It’s silly. Lowering expectations. The panorama is worrying for those who are investing billions of dollars in data centers or in training new foundational models, especially because that impact may not be as gigantic as they had forecast and promised. Ed Zitron indicated In The New Yorker that “this is a 50,000 million dollar market, not one of one billion dollars.” Marcus agreed. “50,000 million, yes. Maybe 100,000.” What happens if AI has stagnated. If it is effectively, what we can expect is that AI becomes a useful tool to save time and improve the result of certain tasks – it is doing it – but not to provoke That seismic impact In society and employment What personalities such as Altman, Musk, Amodei or Zuckerberg defend with their investments. If that happens we will undoubtedly have a powerful tool to do things better and faster. That was just what allowed us other fantastic disruptions such as the PC or the Internet. But many probably expected more. A lot more. And there is the problem. In expectations. Image | Levart Photography In Xataka | There are too many AI models. That raises a true death sentence for Anthropic and Claude

In the exciting world of the supernovas this newly discovered has something unique: its form is perfect

May 18, 2025 by usatoday24

Identifying a Supernova is an event that astronomers usually celebrate with enthusiasm. And it is not for less if we consider that it is One of the most violent events with which we can run into the cosmos. Knowing them better is very important because it can help us understand more precisely what the latest stages of The life of mass starsand also the mechanisms that explain how the material caused by stellar synthesis can lead to new star systems. The mathematical tools handled by astrophysics current nuclear fusion that take place in the nucleus of mass stars. During the stage known as the main sequence, stars obtain their energy from the fusion of hydrogen nuclei. As this chemical element is consumed, the star begins to produce helium nuclei, and, of course, its composition begins to evolve. During this process a huge amount of energy is released and the star is forced to continuously readjust to maintain hydrostatic balance, a phenomenon that is the result of the coexistence of two opposite forces capable of compensating. One of them is the gravitational contraction, which compresses the subject of the star, pressing it without rest. And the other is the radiation and gase pressure, which is the fruit of the ignition of the nuclear oven and tries to expand the star. ‘Teleios’ is the perfect supernova If the star is massive enough will begin to consume its helium reserves and produce new carbon nuclei, while maintaining the hydrostatic balance we have talked about. And if the star has enough mass will not stop in carbon production. When this element is exhausted in the nucleus, it will be readjusted, compressing and increasing once again its temperature to stop the gravitational collapse. From this moment the carbon nuclei will enter into ignition through nuclear fusion processes and the production of even heavier chemical elements will begin. While in the star’s core is being carried out Carbon fusionin the immediately superior layer the ignition of the helium is maintained. And above this, of hydrogen. The iron core suddenly contracts under the enormous pressure that all layers of material that it has above the material exerted on it During star nucleosynthesis, stars acquire a layer -shaped structure similar to that of an onion. In the nucleus lies the heaviest element, and from there we are ascending by layers finding more and lighter elements. If the star has accumulated sufficient mass there will come a time when the nucleus will be essentially constituted by iron, and from this chemical element it is not possible to obtain more energy through nuclear fusion processes. At that time the radiation and gase pressure is not enough to counteract gravitational contraction, so Iron core suddenly contracts under the enormous pressure that all layers of material that it has above. The star has lost the hydrostatic balance. At this moment all this matter loses the support that the nucleus exercised, which is now much more compact, and falls on it with enormous speed. When all that star material touches the surface of the nucleus there is a rebound effect that causes it to be fired with a huge energy towards the stellar medium, being disseminated. A supernova has just been produced. Some of them are so energetic that for a few seconds they emit more light than the entire galaxy that contains them. This was probably what happened to ‘Teleios’, the remnant of a supernova recently discovered by an astronomer team from the University of Sidney (Australia). The remnant is nothing more than the material that is spread in a region of space after the production of a supernova In the field of Supernovas, the remainder is nothing more than the material that is scattered in a region of space after the production of a supernova. It usually acquires the shape of an expanding bubble in which it is possible to identify an external and brilliant region in which the shock wave and a diffuse interior section occurs constituted by dense and cold dust and dust. The image we publish on the cover of this article recreates a supernova in the most reliable way possible, and in it we can clearly observe the two regions in which we have just inquired. Astronomers from the University of Sidney have identified the remnant ‘Teleios’ using the Australian Askap telescope (Australian Square Kilometre Array Pathfinder), and have realized something very interesting: its geometry is almost perfectly circular. It is very unusual that the material left after the production of a supernova acquires such a perfect geometry. Although these astrophysics shuffle several scenarios that could explain this morphology, in Your scientific article They propose to carry out more observations to determine why ‘Teleios’ is so different from other remnants. The identification of the conditions that have given rise to this cosmic object can help cosmologists to understand better What happens during the production of a Supernova and what parameters delimit the evolution of the remnant that will remain in space long after this great explosion occurs. In fact, these Australian astrophysicists have estimated that ‘Teleios’ is at a distance between 7,170 and 25,100 light years. Image | Generated by Xataka with Dall-e More information | Arxiv In Xataka | The CERN detector took 20 years to be built. It is one of the most complex machines created by the human being

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