capital

Before being from Spain, Madrid was the unlikely capital of another kingdom located thousands of kilometers: Armenia

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TO Leon v History played a bad pass. And that, by Carambolas of Historyended up turning Madrid into the capital of a kingdom located more than 3,000 kilometers away, south of what is today Türkiye. Sounds crazy, but if something is the story of León V (1342-1393), the king without the kingdom, stripped of his crown just a few months after ascending to the throne of The little ArmenianIt is precisely that: strange. After all, in just a few years he went from monarch to reo, from reo to “Mayor” of Madrid and finally lord of a French castle. To know its history we must go back to the Middle Ages and travel to the Anatolia Peninsula. There, in the region of CILICIA The XI and XIV centuries extended Little Armenianor Armenia Cilicia, a kingdom formed by refugees who had fled from the Selyuk invasion of Armenia. It was not particularly large, but a prominent role as an ally of the Crusaders and Christian bastion was played. León V (the brief and insistent) Or so it was at least until the time of his last sovereign, Leon V of Armeniawho barely had time to accommodate on the throne. The unfortunate was crowned in SIS in September 1374but just a few months later, in 1375he saw how the Egyptian Mamlucos took the capital. For him it was the end of his days (few) of glory. From the amenities of the court he became a prisoner in Cairo. There León spent a year, two, three, four … and so up to seven long springs deprived of liberty, during which lost his wife and daughterwaiting for some sovereign of Christianity to get close to their bad luck and pay their rescue. Little served. It did not matter to appeal to the charity of other kings or the church. The fate of León V only changed thanks to the mediation of the Franciscan Juan Dardel, who knew how to press the right rope with the kingdoms of the Iberian Peninsula. It is said that the situation of León v moved enough to Juan I of Castilla as if to decide to intermediate in favor of the former sovereign of the little Armenian. The truth is that in 1382after seven years of captivity, León V regained his freedom and abandoned Cairo. What could a King do without the kingdom? What would time dedicate a monarch to whom he had given time to savor the throne of the throne? León had no doubt. He wanted to recover his crown. And for this purpose he undertook an international campaign in search of support. That long journey ended up taking him to the Iberian Peninsula. More specifically to Badajoz, where he met the hospitality of Juan I. upon his arrival León V met with Honors and gifts Gold, silks and jewelry, but not what I was looking for: help to recover the throne of SIS. Instead, the Castilian monarch offered him a curious (and generous) entertainment: he granted to the sovereign of Cilicia the manors of Madrid, Andújar and Villareal (Ciudad Real) “with all his breasts and rights and income.” As if that were not enough, he added an annual income of 150,000 maravedíes. So and against every forecast León became a tenant of the Real Alcázar de Madridconferring on the villa a new (and unlikely) range: The informal capital of the small Armenian. After all, the heart of a kingdom was where its cut settled. There was even more than a century and a half so that, in 1561Felipe II set his in Madrid, turning her into the capital of her domains. One thing was, however, the good harmony that Juan I and León could have and another very different than the Madrid were funny to be under the government of a foreign man who did not know and that nothing knew about his land. We know it because the anger of the town soon inspired some scathing and sharp coplillas On the Armenian sovereign, like the one he cried: “If the town was Silva, the lion would keep it, more is Castilian land, we do not want such a lord.” “They say that a Lord comes from Armenia, guide us God of such real favor,” he proclaimed Another of the topics that were singing on the banks of Manzanares. It was little for León to try to win the favor of the people down or send Real Alcázar. Juan I soon made it clear that the assignment of the villas was a timely gesture limited to the ancient Armenian sovereign, so that the title would not pass to his heirs. After the arrival on the throne of Juan I’s son, Enrique IIIthat link between Castilla and the Armenian It would blur even more. The reality is that León’s main interest seemed to be far from Manzanares, Castilla or the Iberian Peninsula. Although a few years had passed since his departure from SIS and despite his years of captivity in Cairo, there was an idea that was still obsessing León V: recover his kingdom. That was his great goal. From Madrid I had it difficult, so Leon soon packaging his things and going first to Navarra and later to France, where he received a not very different response to that of Juan I of Castilla. Carlos VI dedicated Good wordsostentatious gifts that included the assignment of the castle of Saint-Ouen … but nothing that allowed him to head an offensive that returned it to the court of SIS. The sovereign ended up dying some time later, in 1393, with about 51 years, without having reached his dream. In Paris he died. And in Paris he was buried. Before, yes, he wrote one of the most curious chapters in the history of Madrid, a city that over the centuries left him a peculiar and fortuitous? Tribute: His memory is linked mainly to the old Alcazar, where León lived several months Between 1383 and 1384. Armenia are far … Read more

Today it is positioned as the capital of robotics

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Odense’s industrial identity was marked by his shipyards. For almost a century, their engineers built some of the most advanced container in the worldincluding the giants of the Mærsk E class, which at the time were the largest load ships ever built. But the Danish naval industry had been losing ground for years. Since the end of 1970, the sector suffered a gradual replication as naval construction moved to South Korea, Japan and China, where production costs were significantly lower. To contain the crisis, the Danish government promoted state subsidies, export credits and strategic orders, but the trend was unstoppable: between 1977 and 1985, the market share of European shipyards fell from 41 % to 18 %, while Asia’s went from 46 % to 70 %, with China emerging as a key actor. They are data that appear in ‘Transforming an industry in decline‘, an analysis of Thomas Roslyng Olesen about the fall of the Danish shipyards. Odense was not immune to this change. Until the end of the 2000s, Mærsk had built many of its ships in the Odense Steel Shipyard, but the growing competition of Asian shipyards led the company to rethink its strategy. How Taipei Times collectsin 2011 Maersk commissioned Daewoo Shipbuilding & Marine Engineering (DSME), in South Korea, the construction of its new Triple-E Class Porter. What could have been the industrial collapse of the city became a turning point. Denmark could not compete in Costs with Asia, but found an alternative in the technological niches of high added value. Instead of building ships, The local industry began to develop more innovative marine enginesSoftware for port automation and advanced thermal systems. Odense soon follow that path. His conversion did not occur from one day to another, nor was it the result of a perfectly executed master plan. It was, rather, an emergency response. Without shipyards or large naval contracts, the city had to look for an alternative. Public investment helped, universities put their part and the industrial ecosystem did what he could with the tools he had. Robotics and automation They seemed a promising way, a way to take advantage of technical knowledge inherited from the naval industry to build something new. Universal Robots offices in Odense But transforming a city is not easy. It is not enough to attract startups or put tax incentives. Talent must be generated, convince companies to bet on staying and, above all, demonstrate that there is a market willing to sustain everything in the long term. Odense, precisely, is in this phase. His old industrial heart is filled with companies that seek to make their way to robotics, such as Universal Robots and Mobile Industrial Robots (MIR)two of the most prominent firms that have been born in this ecosystem. Universal Robots has specialized in cobots, collaborative robots designed to work with humans in factories, without the need for safety barriers or complex programming. Unlike traditional industrial robots, which are usually confined in cells and operate with strength and speed for repetitive tasks, cobots are designed for Direct interaction with human operators. Do not confuse them with humanoid robots. Mir, meanwhile, has opted for autonomous mobile robots, machines capable of moving through warehouses and logistics centers transporting goods. A technological cluster in full boom The growth of companies such as Universal Robots has not happened in a vacuum. One of the keys to Odense’s transformation has been the development of A technological cluster specialized in roboticsthat today is one of the most dynamic in Europe. In every Denmark there are more than 300 companies dedicated to robotics and automation, and more than 160 are based in Odense. This ecosystem began to take shape between 1980 and 1990, when it began to be experimented with robotic technology in Odense’s shipyards, but its real consolidation came in the last two decades. Since 2015, the number of companies in the cluster had grown 50% In 2020, According to Odense Robotics Insight Report. In the center of this network is the University of Southern Denmark (SDU), which not only brings talent to companies in the sector, but also leads research in artificial automation and intelligence. If you ask local authorities, they have no doubts: Odense not only wants to be a reference in robotics, but to become the best city in the world for the development of robots. “Odense is already the world center of collaborative robots, but we dream of making Odense the best robotic city in the world,” They claim from the local government. It is not just a motto: it is a strategy that is already underway. One of the pillars of this plan is to develop a robotics campus, where startups, large companies and the University of Southern Denmark share research and ideas. This space should serve as an innovation core, facilitating direct contact between Emerging talent and consolidated companies. The goal is to reinforce the network that already exists between the cluster companies and make the city even more attractive to foreign investment. Odense is betting strong, but we still have to see if the play works The city has made a clear commitment: it wants robotics to be its new flagship industry. It has a well -defined strategy, investment in progress and a network of companies that is already working. But the most difficult part remains: to turn this ecosystem into a long -term sustainable model. Odense is not competing alone. Globally, robotics has become a technological career in which only a few actors can consolidate. China, with its ambition to lead world automation, is investing billions in cities such as Shenzhen and Hangzhouwhere industrial and large -scale service robots are developing, And where firms such as Unitree stand out, which seek to replicate the success that Xiaomi achieved in the mobile sector. Its domain in the manufacture of robots not only represents a technological threat to the United States, It is also generating a battle for hegemony in the robotics industry. Silicon Valley, meanwhile, remains one of … Read more

Deepseek closes external investments and risk capital. You have three reasons to do it

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Deepseek, The great sensation of the beginning of the year in AIhe is breaking with all the rules of the startup ecosystem not only for his efficient AI modelbut also for rejecting the risk capital that other competitors need such as eating. Its founder, Liang Wenfeng, maintains 84% ​​of the property (an anomaly in its field) and does not seem to be in a hurry to give control. Chinese technology broke into the industry in January With its new AI model, but unlike its competitors, it does not announcing multimillionaire financing rounds. Nor want to do it, according to anti The three reasons. Liang Wenfeng has clear reasons to keep investors at bay: 1. He does not want to lose control of his long -term vision on AI.2. Depseek has sufficient its own financing through its High-Flyer investment fund.3. He fears that external investors, especially Chinese, intensify concerns about privacy and security. Why is it important. In a sector where competitors are launched to capture thousands of millions to finance the expensive AI race, Depseek is betting on an alternative path. Financial independence also gives Deepseek freedom to focus on research and development, instead of seeking rapid monetization that investors usually demand. Between the lines. Liang does not usually hide his distrust of investors. In a 2023 interview He openly criticized the obsession of venture capital funds by rapidly monetizing AI, to the detriment of advanced research. This position symbolizes a growing skepticism in the technological sector about whether the traditional financing model is compatible with the development of long -term transforming technologies. The figures. The Deepseek owned structure is unusual for such a powerful startup: 84% is owned by Liang Wenfeng, the founder. 16% are in the hands of people linked to their investment fund, high-flyer. 0% is of traditional external investors. In detail. Liang has funded Deepseek with the benefits of High-Flyer, its quantitative investment fund. “Money has never been a problem for us; the problem is in the prohibitions for sending advanced chips,” he said in 2023. This financial self -sufficiency has allowed Deepseek to develop without the usual external pressure of investors, usually focused on short -term growth metrics. The backdrop. As a Chinese company, Depseek operates under laws that give the Government broad access to their data. This has already caused prohibitions of use in several countries and private companies. The entry of Chinese investors could get this situation worse. The US government has history by sanctioning Chinese technology with government ties, such as Huawei and DJI. And now what. Deepseek will need more and better AI chips to stay competitive, according to Liang himself. These components are expensive and are strongly restricted in China due to the export controls of the United States. Without external financing, Depseek could be left behind in the technological career against rivals with more resources, such as OpenAi or Anthropic. Of course If someone has demonstrated ingenuityIt is Deepseek. In Xataka | Manus is the new sensation of China after Deepseek. Is generating as many expectations as doubts Outstanding image | Deepseek + Philipp Katzenberger | Alejandro Luengo

This is how the capital of Spain wants to become the capital of the dry fruit

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Seven years. Remember that figure because it will be key. For now, let’s talk about the great agricultural boom in recent years: the pistachio. Because yes, it is not only a “gastronomic fashion”, it is also an agro -productive trend that Spain has become The fourth country with more hectares. Until now the stain has been the great pistache power, but Madrid wants to dispute it. What does a plant like you in a place like this? The history of the Spanish pistachio is very curious: we know that the pistachios arrived in Spain in the Roman Empire, prospered during the Middle Ages (references can be found In the works of San Isidoro and in the Andalusian manuals) And then, simply, they disappeared. As explained by Pablo García Estringanaresearcher at the Madrid Institute for Rural, Agrarian and Food Research and Development (IMIDRA), “in the 70s and 80s there were attempts to reintroduce it in Catalonia and Aragon, but they did not work.” We had to wait at the end of the 80s, when “two other essays began, one in Castilla-La Mancha and another in Antequera, in the province of Malaga, the result of which it was seen that it could be a promising crop.” It was not a simple path. José Francisco Couceiro began cultivating pistachios in the “El Chaparrillo” Agro -Environmental Center from Ciudad Real in 1987. It took 10 years only to dominate the crop and that the site was ideal. The pistachio tree asks Warm climates, low humidity and many hours of cold to fruit. There, right there, is where Madrid enters. Because, although the pistachio has grown especially in the stain (where “The hectares have multiplied almost 16 in the last decade“), Nothing prevented other communities from betting on it. It is what they have done from the capital. And they have done something late, in fact. Because the IMIDRA began working with these trees in 1999 and since 2001 has been trying to introduce it to the province. But only in recent years the situation has exploded: in 2020 there were about 400 hectares of pistachio in the region, today they have multiplied almost four to 1,700. Moreover, As Victor Rodríguez points out rightly“Only in the last year, in fact, they have doubled with respect to the around 800 at the end of 2023”. The golden egg tree … And, on paper, the pistachio is the great fashion product: with an average of 6.5 euros per kilo, it is not for less. There is still much to unseat Castilla La Mancha, but Madrid farmers are determined to try. In fact, the pistachio has just overcome the almond tree in planted hectares. Especially in the Las Vegas region. And this has done nothing but start. … but with a huge ‘but’. Since the first guns are planted and until the first harvest occurs, seven years pass. That is, the product is more profitable than normal, but it is not easy to take a production plantation. As explained in the newspaper of Spain“an initial investment of about 5,000 or 6,000 euros per hectare and annual expenses of between 1,500 and 1,800 euros per hectare” is needed. That is what is changing the rules of the game. Because the sunk cost of all this is huge. And although the demand remains superior to the supply, nobody knows what will happen exactly within ten years. It is not uncommon for the imidra trate to shorten the timesbut that is just part of the problem. We are seeing how olive groves, Limoneros either bananas They cross enormous problems due to lack of demand. How many pistachios are enough? What will happen when we reach that limit? What will happen to all those who in the midst of their “seven years in the desert”? Image | Dall · e In Xataka | The most coveted merchandise in the black market is no longer the paladium or gold. They are the pistachios

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