2024 marked a negative record for the cruise industry in the United States, with the highest number of gastrointestinal illness outbreaks in more than a decade.
According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) report, 16 outbreaks of infections were recorded on board, of which 13 were attributed to norovirusknown as “the cruise ship virus.”
This significant increase raises serious concerns about health safety on these vessels, especially following the recovery of the sector after the Covid-19 pandemic.
The impact of norovirus on cruise ships
Norovirus, which causes gastroenteritis, is extremely contagious and often spreads in closed environments with high density of people, such as cruise ships. In 2024, this virus was responsible for more than 90% of the gastrointestinal outbreaks reported on these vessels.
Dr. William Schaffner, a professor at Vanderbilt University Medical Center, explained that norovirus can infect with a very small viral dose and survive for days on contaminated surfaces. This facilitates its spread in shared spaces such as dining rooms and cabins.
According to the CDC, cruise ships also face the challenge of repeated outbreaks, which They can occur due to persistent environmental contamination or infected personnel.
2024 recorded a total of 16 outbreaks, exceeding the 14 reported in 2023 and the 10 in 2019, the last full year before the pandemic. During the period 2020-2022, cases decreased due to the temporary suspension of cruise ships.
Among the most notable outbreaks of 2024 are:
* Salmonella: On Royal Caribbean’s Radiance of the Seas, reported in September.
* E.coli: On Silversea Cruises’ Silver Nova, which occurred between March and April.
*Unknown cause: On Allure of the Seas, also from Royal Caribbean.
For an event to be classified as an outbreak, at least 3% of passengers or crew must report symptoms such as vomiting or diarrhea, according to the CDC Vessel Sanitation Program (VSP).
Why are cruise ships vulnerable to these outbreaks?
Cruise ships are a unique environment where infectious diseases find favorable conditions to spread:
* Closed and shared spaces: Passengers and crew live in high-density areas, such as cabins, dining rooms and entertainment areas.
* Fast rotation: Ships have little time to disinfect between the departure of one group of passengers and the arrival of another.
* Multiple origin of the virus: Norovirus can come on board through contaminated food, water, or infected passengers on the ground.
Additionally, norovirus tends to be more prevalent during the winter months, as shown by CDC data: Of the 16 outbreaks in 2024, eight occurred between December and February.
The impact on the cruise industry
The cruise industry, already hit by pandemic restrictions, faces a new challenge to maintain public trust. Although the CDC emphasizes that only 100% of norovirus outbreaks in the US occur on cruise ships, recent incidents could affect travelers’ perceptions of the safety of these voyages.
A CDC spokesperson stressed that it is still uncertain whether the increase in outbreaks in 2023 and 2024 represents a sustained trend. However, the data highlight the need to implement stricter prevention and control measures.
How to protect yourself against illnesses on board a cruise
The CDC recommends taking preventative measures before and during travel to reduce the risk of contracting diseases such as norovirus. These are some of the top suggestions:
Before traveling:
Consult your doctor if you have symptoms or questions about your health.
Ask the cruise line about alternative options if you are sick.
During the trip:
Wash your hands frequently, especially after using the bathroom and before eating.
Avoid touching shared surfaces and use alcohol-based hand sanitizers.
If you feel unwell, inform the ship’s medical center immediately and follow the staff’s recommendations.
General measures:
Stay hydrated to prevent dehydration if you develop symptoms.
If you spot someone sick near you, avoid contact and notify staff.
These practices not only help prevent norovirus, but also other common infections on cruise ships.
What to expect in the future?
The increase in outbreaks over the past two years raises important questions about health and safety practices in the cruise industry. While these incidents represent a small percentage compared to the total outbreaks in the country, companies will need to redouble their efforts to ensure a safer environment.
This includes implementing more rigorous cleaning protocols, educating crew and passengers, and improving rapid response strategies for outbreaks.
With the start of 2025, the challenge will be to demonstrate that the industry is prepared to face these situations and regain the trust of travelers, who seek to enjoy safe vacations free of health concerns.
Keep reading:
* Why children are more vulnerable to norovirus
* Norovirus outbreaks on the rise in the US: What’s happening and how to protect yourself?