This new biodegradable material is much more than a simple substitute for plastic

He used oil that we generate in the kitchen it seems that has no more life than end up discarded, but the reality is very different. The Holy Grail, right now of modern materials science, is to get rid of the oil dependencebut also solve the problem of the waste we already generate. And this is something that has become evident with fryer oil, which now has a new function: being an adhesive. A progress. A team from the University of South Carolina has killed two birds with one stone with a surprising solution: transform the fryer oil into a material that imitates polyethylenebut it is biodegradable and adhesive. But this adhesive is so strong that it has even managed to tow a car using only two steel plates joined with this material. The oil problem. The plastic we use in our daily lives is polyethylene, which is cheap, flexible and resistant. But it has a serious problem: it is of fossil origin and with how difficult its degradation is makes it contribute to global pollution. On the other hand, we have used cooking oil. It is estimated that we generate about 3.8 billion liters per year worldwideand although it is used to produce biodiesel or lubricant, converting it into high-performance thermoplastics was a barely explored field due to the complexity of its chemical composition. Breaking down the fat. What the team led by Chuanbing Tang and Olga Kuksenok has achieved It is not simply “recycling” the oilbut to deconstruct it and reassemble it at the molecular level. And this is something fundamental, since you can take advantage of both the fatty acids and the glycerol that are part of this fat. By polymerizing these components, they created aliphatic polyesters that almost perfectly imitate the mechanical properties of low-density polyethylene (LDPE), the plastic we commonly use in bags and packaging. A new material. The surprise came when the result of this experiment did not generate a traditional polyethylene that is inert, but rather this new material derived from oil has chemical groups that can act as molecular ‘hooks’. That is, it can stick like glue. The research wanted to demonstrate its adhesive capacity on different surfaces such as stainless steel, copper, wood or cardboard. And the results were surprising, since in cut resistance tests it surpassed other renowned commercial adhesives, and could even be used as a silicone gun to seal boxes. Moving a car. Without a doubt this is the litmus test that wanted to demonstrate that used oil has great strength behind it. To do this, they joined two steel plates with this polymer and used them to pull a four-door sedan uphill. The union in this case held without any problem. The importance. This is a big step towards the circular economy. We are not just talking about making a “less bad” plastic, but about creating new materials with high added value, such as their ability to glue the waste we have in the kitchen. And in many things it can be difficult to recycle. Imagine a future where the oil from today’s French fries becomes the bumper on your car or the sticker on your next Amazon package, only to be processed again without ending up in a landfill. This is precisely what science is trying to achieve to increase recycling strategies and dependence on fossil resources. Images | Zoshua Colah Scott Sanker In Xataka | We have been thinking for decades that plastic recycling was worth something. Maybe we were wrong

Calls more than 200,000 cars that use its substitute engine, according to L’Am automobile

Stellantis’s image crisis following its Puretech engines does not seem to have finished. Throughout the year 2024 and part of 2025, the company has tried to put patches to the wound of millions of cars sold for a decade with factory defects on their engines. The conglomerate has had to face a call to review Hundreds of thousands of vehicles that mounted the Different versions of trichylindrical engines 1.0 and 1.2 PURETECH (and its Turbo modifications before and after Euro 6.2) from June 2012 to February 2023. Those call call campaigns or Expanded guarantees They have remained for cars that suffered Failures after 2022with the aim of improving the brand image and preventing possible collective demands related to a bad design of their vehicles. The problem was that there was a rapid degradation of the oil that bathes the distribution strap, especially among those that circulate in urban areas. In the affected engines, fuel drops without burn could slip by the walls of the cylinders and burn in the crankcase with the oil. That abrasive mixture caused the Premature wear of the belt. The detached particles could obstruct the filters in the lubrication filter, causing insufficiency in oil pressure, an unusual consumption of it and, finally, a serious breakdown due to lack of lubrication. Ghosts come back These problems were supposed, had been solved with a modification on the belt that was now wider for those cars that were called to review and had been affected by the problem and with the replacement of the belt with a distribution chain in the new engines, now called Gen 3. However, our French companions of L’Automobile They point out that Stellantis has already called more than 200,000 cars to review in France that assemble the engine that replaces the ill -fated Puretech. The affected cars are almost all Peugeot units that mount the new 1.2 tricylindrical engine made between 2023 and 2025, either in their gasoline or hybrid versions and develop between 100 and 145 hp. The French brand accumulates 149,157 units of call calls. Despite this, Citroën with almost 55,000 units would also be one of the great affected. Likewise, these engines are mounted in Opel (more than 15,000 units called to review), Fiat, DS, Jeep, Alfa Romeo and Lancia. In Xataka We have tried to contact Stellantis to know the scope of this call to review and know if there are cars affected in Spain but We have not obtained an answer. What we have been informed by some affected brands is that it is “a preventive measure.” We are waiting to know what measures will be taken in our country. Photo | Citroën In Xataka | Stellantis wanted to conquer China with his combustion cars. What has happened to almost any other western company has happened

In Spain, Christian baptisms are in free fall. There are those who have found a substitute: civil baptisms

There was a time when children arrived with something more than a bread under their arm. They did it with an invitation (almost mandatory) to the baptism. They were their parents more or less believers, more or less practitioners, most babies passed through the baptismal pia. Not today. Just like Not all The couples who marry do so before a Catholic priest. As society It is secularized New rituals gain strength, such as civil weddings or “Baptisms Lacios”, which two decades after their premiere in Spain They continue to expand. They may not be a majority option or have reached the level of popularity of civil links (which do have a legal character), but lay and symbolic baptisms have gone making his way Little by little in the Spanish geography. Civil baptisms? The concept may be shocking, but It has been a few years old extending through Spain and there are still municipalities that incorporate it into its service portfolio In full 2025. A civil christening It is neither more nor less than the secular alternative to Christian baptisms, a secular ceremony, usually free of religious connotations, during which a child’s entry into society is represented. Nothing else. Nothing less. And although it lacks legal value, in some cases it is accompanied by A symbolic title. The former mayor of Valencia, Joan Ribó, in May 2023, during the first “welcome ceremony to the citizenship” of the City Council. Is it something new? No. at all. There are those who go back their origins to the “civil sponsorship” that were held in France from the late eighteenth century. In Spain they are not a novelty either. Its history can go at least to Autumn of 2004when the first “foster care” was held at the City Council of Igualada. Since then the formula has been extended to other municipalities in the country. In 2007 Rivas Vaciamadrid began to celebrate them, Madrid and The Borge They joined in 2009Albacete In 2011Moaña In 2013 and Vigo In 2018… and thus a long (and growing) list of municipalities distributed throughout the country. How many? Difficult to specify it, although the number of municipalities that celebrate them exceed the hundred. In 2018 only in Catalonia they were offered in 71 municipalities. In 2022 Cullera Laya had accounts and calculated that in the whole of Spain at least 150 municipalities willing to organize ceremonies of “civil foster care”. The same figure shared it in 2023 Religion in freedom. The truth is that the list has followed (and continues) growing over time. In May 2023 The first civil christening was organized in Valencia and shortly the payroll of municipalities that deliver citizenship letters to babies will increase with a new incorporation: Lovesa Galician people of 32,800 inhabitants that It has just approved The ordinance that regulates them. “Although they may seem simple symbolic ceremonies and without legal validity, their existence represents a step towards a model of coexistence in which all families can participate,” defend A councilor. Year Catholic baptisms Number of births 2008 335,484 519,779 2012 268.810 454,648 2017 214,271 393,181 2022 159,129 329,251 2023 152,426 320,656 Are many celebrated? Another difficult question to answer. There are no global or official balances, but the data that has been shared in account in the press suggest two trends: the first, that the “civil christening” has been gaining weight in the Spanish geography, expanding to dozens of locations; second, which is far from reaching the reception level of Catholic ceremonies. In 2017 Albacete digital He revealed that since 2011 they had been held in the town about twenty of civil receptions. That same year, at the time the service premiered, Vigo added Several tens of applications. His success has also been marked by political fluctuations. In Valencia, for example, only For a few months. After the change of government, the new team decided to do without them without apparently having great impact. As it transpired then, seven requests had been registered. Civil ceremony held in 2023 in Valencia. Are there more clues? Yeah. The confidential published on Tuesday A report in which he spoke with professionals in the sector that confirm an increase of interest in the format. “I have been in the business business for new years and lately demand for civil baptisms, a strong fashion also in the United States,” An organizer recounts of events. A quick search for #Bautizosimbolico, #Ceremoniadebienvenida or #bautizocivil on Instagram or Tiktok It shows that lay acts continue to be held, both in Spain and in other countries. What is your goal? Celebrate. Introduce. Welcome. During civil baptisms the arrival of newborns, their “entry” in society is celebrated. Sometimes it is done in the municipalities, with the participation of mayors. Others not. The normal thing is that during the ceremony Articles are read Related to the protection of childhood, such as the Spanish Constitution, the United Nations Constitution Rights Convention of 1990 or the Declaration of the Rights of the Child (1959). “It’s not that people don’t have faith, they want to make baptism something more intimate and emotional,” Share The same professional. “Everything I do depends on what parents choose, although the ritual usually develops around a table. Usually, the godparents sign an act with their commitment, a document that is not registered anywhere or has legal weight, but rather symbolic.” Is it an isolated phenomenon? No. The civil christening is not understood without the context and more specifically the secularization of society. After all, baptism (or foster care) is not the only sacrament that has been stripped of religious value. The clearest case is that of marriage. In 2009 the number of civil links exceeded for the first time to the Catholic weddings, with 94,993 ‘yes I want’ pronounced before civil authorities and 80,104 before priests. The situation has changed. In 2022 79.9% of links held in Spain they were civilians and only 20.1% religious. And that that last was the highest percentage recorded since 2019. The number of … Read more

Copper has reigned in the chips industry for decades. It already has an unbeatable substitute: Ruthenium

Rare earth monopolize the prominence in the field of semiconductors and other industries since they began The tensions between the US and China. Gallic, Germanio and antimony do not belong to this group of exotic chemical elements, but they are also being used as exchange currency For these two great powers To assault yourself. Anyway, in the domain of integrated circuits there is a chemical element that is much more humble, but that is also essential. And it is not the essential silicon. It is copper. This transition metal is not one of the most abundant chemical elements on our planet, but it is not uncommon either. And fortunately, it is relatively simple to extract and process it. It stands out for its high electrical conductivity and good thermal conductivity, as well as its ductility and corrosion resistance. These properties have caused it to be one of the essential elements in the manufacture of semiconductors for decades, but little by little an alternative is being made that seems to be called to unseat it. And it is really exotic. Ruthenium is making its way in the integrated circuit industry Before we investigate the properties of Ruthenium, it is good for us to know precisely what the chips manufacturers use the copper. And they use it first of all in the connections of the transistors within the integrated circuits. Copper links are responsible for transmitting electrical signals between some transistors and others, so their intervention is essential within the semiconductors. In fact, the electrical properties that I have highlighted in the previous paragraph are responsible for this metal having such a relevant role. However, its adoption was initially not simple. And it was not because copper can be filtered in silicon. This process is known as the diffusion of copper in silicon, and is similar to the electromigration of which We talk to you in this other article To explain why this last phenomenon represents a threat to our electronic devices. In any case, during the diffusion the copper atoms move and infiltrate the crystalline structure of the silicon, degrading it and conditioning its physicochemical properties. “Now I think the industry is probably considering ruthenium as the next great advance in interconnections beyond copper.” Fortunately, IBM found the solution to this problem in 1998. His researchers realized that it was possible copper infiltrate silicon. This strategy was so effective that the semiconductor industry adopted it and has maintained it so far. However, innovation makes its way, and Ruthenium, as I mentioned a few lines above, seems to be called to replace copper in connections between transistors. Jon Yu, the person in charge of the Newsletter The Asianometryhe has suggested very rightly During the conversation who has maintained with Ben Thompson, the author of the interesting publication Stratechery. “The entire industry followed the steps of IBM And copper had to be treated in an innovative way that has worked well for more than 20 years. Now I believe that the industry is probably considering ruthenium as the next great advance in interconnections beyond copper. “ Like copper, Ruthenium is a transition metal. The two properties that make it so interesting to occupy the place of copper within the integrated circuits are its high electrical conductivity and its excellent corrosion resistance. However, we cannot overlook something very important: Ruthenium is very scarce in the earth’s crust. Very scarce. Only 0.0000002% of the cortex of our planet is Ruthenium. The main reserves of this metal are found in South Africa, Russia, Zimbabue, Canada and the US. We will see if it is finally consolidated as one of the essential ingredients of The next generation of integrated circuits. If so, in all likelihood it will become another object of desire for the great powers. Image | TSMC More information | The Asianometry Newsletter In Xataka | The 2 Nm chips race will start in 2025. And it will be the most fierce of all

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