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The chemical composition of galaxies has always been full of unknowns. James Webb has taken a huge step to solve it

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The James Webb Space Telescope sees where others can’t: its infrared vision pierces clouds of cosmic dust and reaches galaxies so far away that it took billions of years for its light to reach us. Looking far into space is, in that sense, looking back in time. However, what James Webb has seen in these galaxies differs from what was expected: these early galaxies seem to have too much nitrogen, much more than expected. Among the exotic possible explanations of science, hypotheses such as gigantic stars never seen before, black holes functioning as catalysts for galactic chemistry or large quantities of stars have passed. In fact, that was the topic of conversation in the middle of a phone call while Mexican astrophysicist José Eduardo Méndez-Delgado waited in line for the doctor. On the other end of the line, his colleague Karla Arellano-Córdova, who was in Edinburgh. In that informal talk they decided to change the prism: perhaps the problem was not the galaxies, but how we measure them. The discovery. The proposal from this international team is to analyze three light signals from the same oxygen ion to calculate temperature and density at the same time, without starting from one to calculate the other (the original source of error). The result: the gas was a hundred or a thousand times denser than was assumed in those galaxies. With that correction, the galaxies turned out to be richer in metals than they appeared and the excess nitrogen was drastically reduced. Why it is important. First, because the metallicity of a galaxy is directly related to its history: the more metals there are in its composition, the more stars have been born and died within it. Until now we were underestimating this figure, which made those early galaxies appear very different from our own and suggested a sharp and discontinuous evolution. Now they look more like what we know. But the elements essential for life, such as carbon, oxygen or nitrogen, did not exist when the universe was born: they were manufactured by the stars inside and expanded when they died. Hence the interest in knowing the chemistry of galaxies: it helps to understand when the universe had the necessary ingredients for life. With the wrong measurements, we don’t know if those ingredients were there earlier and in more places than we thought. Context. The standard method to know the composition of a distant galaxy is to analyze the spectral lines of its light based on the density of the gas and its temperature. The problem is that in these primitive galaxies the gas is much denser than expected, so its application as a thermometer works poorly. And from here on, everything failed. The nitrogen anomalies appeared in the first scientific data from the James Webb Space Telescope, as this either this. Since the results did not fit the models, the scientific community threw itself into trying to find explanations. This paper proposes to take a step back: before interpreting stellar physics, check that the measurements are correct. Besides, the Webb now allows it: simultaneously detects oxygen lines in the ultraviolet and in the optical in such distant galaxies. How they do it. In essence, the trick is choosing the right signals. One of the oxygen light lines, visible in ultraviolet, has a special property: it does not distort even if the gas is very dense, something that happened with the lines they were using previously. By combining it with two other signals from the same atom, the research team can calculate temperature and density at the same time, as if they were solving two simultaneous and independent equations. Using statistical simulations, the team found that the results were consistent with other independent measurements of the same galaxies. Yes, but. As the team explains in the work, their method corrects the density error, but not other possible errors that are equally important: the gas of these galaxies also has internal temperature variations, and that can bias the results in ways that this study does not resolve. Furthermore, the method only works well when all three light signals from oxygen are clearly detected. In three of the six galaxies analyzed this was not possible, and the results are less precise. Nitrogen remains a problem. The overabundances come almost entirely from a particular ion whose emission is extraordinarily sensitive to temperature: a variation of just ten percent in that parameter would reduce the calculated nitrogen by half. No one has yet measured that temperature directly. However, it points out a path to follow before looking for “exotic” explanations: verify that the measurement tools are up to par. In Xataka | For a time it was one of the asteroids most watched by astronomers: the Webb has just resolved a key doubt In Xataka | James Webb has been detecting red dots in the universe for years: the only problem is that we don’t know what they are Cover | Oleg Moroz

the true antidote to aging is in a step

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For decades, standard medical advice for older adults has been nearly unanimous: walkswim or do a little stationary cycling. In the end we talk about low impact activities focused on the cardiovascular system, but recent scientific evidence is giving a 180 degree turn to this recommendation, since the real enemy of aging is not only the lack of physical background, but sarcopeniawhich is the loss of muscle mass and strength. And to combat it, science points to a simple exercise. A simple exercise. Something as simple as stepping up a step, especially if done with optional extra weight, known as a weight step exercise, is not just a ’90s aerobic movement, it’s top-notch functional training. And one of the great benefits of this exercise is that it does not require having to go to a gym or have extensive equipment, but rather it can be done at home and integrated into your daily routine. Studied. It is not something that personal trainers say just for the sake of it, since there are different essays published in several top-level magazines that demonstrate that doing training sessions stepping They are tremendously effective tools. The first of them consisted of analyzing a program of only six weeks of stepping with weight at home in women over 65 years of age. The result was that they increased the power of their lower extremities by 10 to 11% and improved their stair climbing time by 9%. Another 12-week study confirmed that step aerobics Elevates overall functional fitness, muscle volume and balance. An undisputed king. Although he step It is fantastic for legs and glutes, the truth is that this should be the gateway to doing strength training with loads. This is something that made clear a systematic review of Cochrane which analyzed a meta-analysis of 121 randomized clinical trials with more than 6,700 participants. In this case, progressive resistance training, using weights 2 or 3 times a week, has a very important effect on improving muscle strength, reversing the unwanted effect of age. In this way, short sessions of just 20 to 30 minutes are enough to improve the ability to carry out complex daily activities, reduce osteoarthritis pain and increase muscle mass. More evidence. As if that were not enough, the Mayo Clinic points out that doing interval training from the age of 70, such as 6-second sprints on a stationary bike, is capable of reversing the aspects of muscle aging at the cellular level. In this way, with only 1 or 2 sessions a week for 8 weeks, participants not only reduced their blood glucose, but showed 100% adherence without serious adverse events. Of course, studies emphasize that this type of routine requires professional supervision in the beginning to avoid overtaking people or falls that are fatal at this age. Images | Vitaly Gariev In Xataka | Neither walking nor running: science suggests that the squat is the true “drug” for healthy aging

OpenAI takes a step back in the AI ​​race to completely recalibrate

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OpenAI Sora has closed. His generative video AI that he has proudly shown on numerous occasions and which earned him a juicy $1 billion deal with Disney it no longer exists. The news fell like a bomb a few hours ago followed by the withdrawal of that billion-dollar Disney investment. Although there are those who point out that OpenAI is in trouble, those problems are not so much economic as lack of direction, and closing Sora seems only a step backwards in the long-distance race of OpenAI and AI. Go public this year and start harvesting after everything planted. In short. It’s the news of the day. Less than a year and a half after launching it, OpenAI says goodbye to Sora. In his day (February 2024, how time flies) we were amazed at what this generative AI could do. It was just 60 seconds of video and had some huge flaws, but it was one more step in the artificial intelligence race that positioned OpenAI at the forefront of the industry. Then other competing models arrived, culminating with a Seedance 2.0 that has consumed the entire Internet to plagiarize absolutely anything. Like all the others, wow. Issues. But although striking, Sora was a tool that didn’t seem to add up. While other services have integrated their generative AI models within an ecosystem or applications (the aforementioned Seedance 2.0 in suites AI or in the video editor CapCutfor example), Sora was there, away. The aforementioned contract with Disney was worth it, but it did not seem to be part of something larger, of a “creative suite” (if generative AI can be classified as such). He simply existed, and the worst thing was that others were passing him on the right. Eggs in many baskets. It was, in short, another product of an OpenAI that had eggs in many baskets. It was reaching dizzying numbers in different rounds of financing, setting up data centers, buying a lot from NVIDIA (depending a lot on NVIDIA, too) and launching products like crazy. OpenAI wanted to touch all the keys: And there are some other products, as well as a super app to integrate all that that was not being integrated into other sites. The philosophy was simple: if we are in everything, something will work, but the result has been the opposite and, as my colleague Javier Pastor said a few days ago, wanting to be the bride at the wedding and the dead man at the funeral It is having consequences. The competition tightens. While OpenAI diversified and allocated resources to touch all suits, Anthropic (which is not just a rival, it is a public enemy) was dedicated to two things. It’s not that Anthropic doesn’t have a browser or a video generator: it’s that they don’t even have an image generator. In exchange, what they do have They are functional, precise models and that they do things very well, especially in the field of amateur development with the vibe coding. Focusing on one thing and doing it very well is something that the market is seeing valueto the point that Anthropic is raising a lot of money in different recent financing rounds. In a short time, it has gone from being valued at 183,000 million to arrive up to 380,000 million, and that has had all the fuss with the United States government and the loss of contract with the Department of Defense. Money, too. And money moves everything, and while ChatGPT sweeps the consumer segment with more than 2.5 billion daily queries, you have to wonder how many paying users there are. Where the money really is, which is in business use, Anthropic controls the market with 32% compared to OpenAI’s 25%. And in programming, the distance is astronomical: 42% compared to 21%. In fact, OpenAI has seen how your business share has fallen from 50% in 2023 to just 25% today. As we say, this is where the greatest potential for growth and commercial performance is, and OpenAI is realizing that being focused on so many fields has caused them to be distracted. Or what is the same: they have covered more than they could bite off. Public company. The closure of Sora responds to a multitude of factors, but in the background there is something more important. NVIDIA has already said that the millionaire mega-rounds are overand it has done so just before the expected IPO of both OpenAI and Anthropic. When both go on the stock market, they will have to face another financing model. They will need products that generate profits to attract investors to buy shares, and right now, the one that is best positioned is Anthropic. OpenAI has a lot, but nothing makes it complete. Anthropic has less, but it is very efficient, and getting rid of Sora seems like a move to release ballast before becoming a “public” company (in the American concept). They have to focus their shooting, focus their teams (something they themselves have recognized) and stop wanting to be too much at once without having a clear strategy. Because they are becoming another example of being a pioneer It doesn’t always mean you’re the best. and that, if you don’t get your act together, competitors who have a clearer roadmap will eat your toast. Only time will tell if the strategy works, but at the rate things are going, it won’t take too long to find out. In Xataka | The worrying thing is not that AI is going to take your job in the future: it’s that it is preventing you from finding one now

We thought that 3D printing a gun was already disturbing. Now someone has gone one step further with a homemade guided “missile”

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Talking about 3D printing is no longer just talking about prototypes or industrial environments. In recent years, this technology has been established as a tool available to enthusiasts and creators who can design and manufacture complex objects from home with relative ease. That accessibility has expanded the possibilities of use, but has also opened debates about its limits, especially when it intersects with weapons development. The precedents of 3D printed guns They have been on the table for some time, and now a new project once again pushes that debate into even more delicate terrain. The disturbing jump. What has now put the focus on this issue is a video of just five minutes in which the amateur Alisher Khojayev shows a prototype that is reminiscent, at least in its approach, of portable anti-aircraft missile systems. The project includes a launcher, a projectile and several electronic systems designed to assist in guidance. What does it teach. In practical terms, what Khojayev shows is a set divided into three parts that the creator presents as a coordinated system. The launcher acts as the base of the system, the projectile concentrates a good part of the 3D printed components, and an additional node with a camera can be incorporated to reinforce tracking. How the system is laid out. The architecture proposed by the project is based on linking several devices through a wireless network that coordinates the flow of data. The first step is to connect the launcher with a control computer via WiFi, which analyzes the information received and calculates the trajectory. In a second phase, the projectile becomes part of that network and receives instructions to adjust its orientation using moving surfaces. The system combines ESP32 microcontrollers with sensors such as GPS, barometer, compass and an inertial measurement unit to estimate variables such as speed and position. The cost data. The project is not only presented as a technical demonstration, but also as a low-cost exercise. According to the creator, the entire system can be assembled for about $96 from commercial components and 3D printed parts. That, of course, doesn’t mean that anyone can make something similar at home, not least because such a development would probably be illegal in many parts of the world. But it does leave a broader reading: 3D printing is reducing barriers and costs in a growing variety of projects. Images | Alisher Khojayev In Xataka | We thought that the war in Iran was about missiles. Until Germany has started counting them: it’s about what will happen in May without them

BYD is already studying entering Formula 1, according to Bloomberg. And it is not a whim, it is a necessary step

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To understand a leak you have to imagine (or be clear about) who is behind it. But also how and when the information has been leaked. And in this case, of course, there is little that is coincidental. BYD is studying its entry into Formula 1, according to Bloomberg. In the week in which Formula 1 arrives in China and the sport seeks new markets. The rumors. BYD is studying its ability to compete in Formula 1 and/or the World Endurance Championship (WEC) according to Bloomberg. The media outlet points to “people familiar with the matter,” who point out that the company calculates how much money an investment could take where no success is guaranteed. For the information of Bloomberg It seems that internal investigations would be in their early stages. And the media points out that there would be two possibilities, from creating your own team to buying one already on the grid, a more common option. Because? On BYD’s side, the reason is clear: trust. The company needs to open up to new markets but, in addition, its plans for the next five years include a rapid expansion. The company has also seen how its sales have collapsed in China and there are those who anticipate a stagnation in sales if the State does not return the purchase aid of recently recalled electric cars. Entering one or both of the competitions would give the company a layer of credibility and confidence in the face of possible new competitors. Competitions continue to be a huge laboratory where solutions and ingenuity can be developed that can then be applied on the street, but they also help create history and brand image. Chinese companies need a boost in this last sense to give credibility to their proposal. At the moment they are doing it by following all the challenges that traditional manufacturers once set themselves. That’s why Xiaomi has sought its own record at the Nürburgring. That’s why BYD boasts of having the fastest car in the world. Jumping into competition is only a natural step in strategy. Formula 1. Why would BYD be interested in Formula 1 when the championship is not going through its best moment? For several reasons: With the change in regulations, the battery and electric motors are more important than ever. Right now, the type of motorization is aligned with a proposal with which BYD can take advantage on the street. Despite criticism, it remains the queen category of motorsports. Neither the World Endurance Championship (except the 24 Hours of Le Mans), nor the World Rally Championship, nor Formula E, nor the American competitions (Indycar or Nascar) attract so many viewers to television. Formula 1 has gained enormous weight among young people in the United States. Your documentaries Drive to survive They have increased interest in a population group that may be interested in their vehicles. The country also already organizes two Grand Prix, which would serve as a showcase where, at the moment, they cannot sell their cars. Formula 1 aims to once again attract the Chinese public. This weekend F1 returns to Shanghai, which has been sowing the seed since 2004 (with the 2020-2023 break due to the Covid-19 crisis). If Formula 1 is interested in gaining followers in the country, BYD would be a great tool. And the problems? The problems for BYD are also several and almost all of them are linked to the fact that it is impossible to guarantee the return of investments in competition in terms of success. And it is difficult to measure its social impact in the short term. Bloomberg points out that a year in a championship like Formula 1 or the WEC is equivalent to investing about 500 million euros. The company does not have a previous competition structure. That leaves two possibilities: create it from scratch with inexperienced engineers or buy existing equipment. Neither option is cheap. The future of Formula 1 is uncertain. The current regulations do not convince either drivers or fans. Some teams even supported freezing the change or not giving so much weight to the batteries and others like Audi, which had already made the investment to enter it, refused. The doubt is whether the sport will maintain the current rules as they are or if they will move away from a proposal that fits with BYD’s philosophy. Just as BYD has a lot to gain in image, it can also lose it. Both Formula 1 and the WEC are dominated by Western teams, failing could mean a step back in the communication strategy. The WEC. The World Endurance Championship could be a logical and alternative option to Formula 1 that seems to have fewer risks. The organizers seem willing to open their hand with the type of motorization used, so there are not so many regulatory restrictions in that sense. This has once again attracted brands such as Ferrari, Aston Martin, Lamborghini, Ford or Genesis (Hyundai). In addition, it would allow him to grow and gain experience without having so many spotlights on him. Endurance races are an excellent opportunity to test the reliability of advances that can then be replicated to a greater or lesser extent on the street. A success would be excellent publicity and a failure would not attract as many eyes. Photo | BYD and Drew Bates In Xataka | From BYD to Xiaomi: all the Chinese cars that are already sold in Spain, Europe and those to come

Apple Music will come to the app to offer the next step

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TikTok has become more than just a platform for short videos: for millions of people it is the place where they discover new music. Songs that appear in “Para ti” can go from being a viral fragment to becoming a global hit in a matter of hours. That role as a great musical showcase has redefined how songs are released and promoted in the industry. Apple Music seems to have taken note of that dynamic and is now committed to going one step beyond discovery. The novelty. “Play Full Song” seeks to shorten the journey between the moment someone discovers a song on TikTok and the moment they decide to listen to it in its entirety. From now on, Apple Music subscribers will see a dedicated button on their “For You” or sound details page, from which they can open an Apple Music player to listen to the full track. By tapping it, the user can play the track and continue listening to recommendations within the service. TikTok also adds that users will be able to save songs in “Your Music” and add them directly to their Apple Music lists. An agreement that goes through Apple Music. Although the button appears within TikTok, the complete playback is not done on the social network itself. The function uses MusicKit, Apple’s technology that allows you to integrate your catalog into other applications, so the song is played in Apple Music and listens are counted in that service. The important detail is that the integration is linked only to Apple Music. According to TechCrunchother streaming services, including Spotify, do not currently have an equivalent option to listen to full songs from TikTok. This integration does not appear in a vacuum. TikTok has been incorporating tools designed to connect the virality of its videos with streaming platforms for some time. One of them is “Add to music app”, a function that allows you to save songs discovered on TikTok directly to music services to listen to later. In parallel, the company has also explored other paths, such as its attempt to launch its own streaming service, an initiative that ended up closing. Since then, the strategy seems to focus on reinforcing its role as a discovery point that connects with other platforms. Music is also heard in community. The announcement also includes a feature called “Listening Party,” designed to bring artists and fans together for a shared listening session. During these sessions, fans can listen to songs in real time while interacting with each other and the artist themselves. TikTok describes the initiative as a new social way to experience music within the platform. Together, these tools aim at the same objective: reinforcing TikTok’s role as a meeting point between musical discovery, reproduction and direct relationship between artists and audience. Images | TikTok In Xataka | Netflix spends 17 billion on producing content and YouTube does it for free. And that’s why YouTube is winning the game

step by step creating the bot and adding artificial intelligence to it

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Let’s explain to you how to create your own AI bot on Telegramso you can interact with it at any time. In this way, the bot will be yours and you can put the model of artificial intelligence whatever you want, whether Gemini, ChatGPT, Claude or whatever. To carry out this task we are going to use two services. First we will use BotFather of Telegram to create the bot, and then we will use the service Make to create a workflow or workflow that adds an AI, which in the case of our step by step will be Gemini, but you can use any other. But before we start, I must remind you that even if the bot is yours, everything you write will be sent to the Make servers to process the workflow and the AI ​​you choose. Therefore, be careful with writing personal details that may violate your security or privacy, because you will be giving them to these two companies. First you must create the bot The first thing you have to do is create a bot on Telegram using BotFather. To do this, write a message to the bot @BotFather and write to you as if you were a new user. Type the command /newbot to create a new bot, to which you have to give a name to identify yourself and a unique username to access the bot whenever you want. When you do it, it will give you two things, first the username and address of your bot to access it, and second an access token with various figures and letters. You have to save this token to use later. In the message that Telegram will return to you, will also give you a link to the bot you createdwhich will basically be t.me/@botname. This will be important for later. Also you can use BotFather options to customize your botputting a profile image, a description or whatever you want. We have explained all this to you in our post about BotFather. Now get the API of an AI Now we have to get an API from an AI. We will use the Free Gemini APIwhich although it has some limits in its use, will be useful for some tests without spending. To get it go to the website aistudio.google.com and sign in with your Google account. When you do, in the bar on the left at the bottom click on Get API Key. Now you have to click on the option Create API key that appears at the top of the screen you have created. This will open a window where you have to create the project for which you are going to use it in order to identify it, for example “Bot Telegram IA”. When you create the project, you can now create the API. When you have created the API, you will see that it appears in the list of API keys. You just have to click on the left, below where it says Clueand a window with the API will open, starting with “AIza–“. Now create the workflow Now let’s create the workflow or workflow using the service Make. Within this program we are going to create a new scenario. We start by clicking on the initial + for the first step, for which you have to write Telegram and choose the option Watch Updates within the options related to Telegram that will appear. When you do this the first time you will have to create a webhook. Basically, it will be like creating a connection, and by doing so you will be able to give it a name and when establishing the connection, you will only have to type the Telegram bot token that BotFather gave us. Once the connection is established, open the Telegram bot that you created in the app, and click on Start. When you do this, the message /start will be written. When you do this, go back to make.com and, at the bottom, press the button Run eleven. This will simply test the connection with the bot. Now, click on the + button on the right of Telegram Bot to generate a new module, and you will have to choose the module to generate an AI response. Simply type the name of the AI ​​you have a token for, in our case Gemini, and choose the option that means generating a response. A window will open to configure your AI. In it, you have to establish a connection using the APIwhich is what we have done above. You will also be able to choose the model you want to use. Keep in mind that the more advanced the model, the more credits the AI ​​will use, and your free API will have limited credits. Now comes the most complex part of all. You have to go to the section messages of this window, and in Item 1, in the field Role you have to put User. Now, in Parts you have to fill out Item 1 by putting in Message Type the option textand in text just below choose option 1. Message: Text. As before we have already executed our project with the Telegram bot, when you click on the value you will get suggestions based on the results of the bot. In these suggestions you will see the 1. Message: Text. You will recognize it in the next window because it is where it says /start, which is what we wrote to the bot. Down in System instructions go to Promptsand in the value of Prompt 1 you also have to put 1. Message: Text. Below, in Response Modalities you have to **choose only the option textdeactivating Imagebecause with the API we will not be able to generate images in our country. Now we are going to create the third step, that of sending the AI ​​response to the Telegram bot. To do this, create a new module, look for the Telegram … Read more

Microsoft has just taken a key step in its technology to preserve data for millennia

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Saving data “forever” is one of those ideas that sounds simple until you look closely at the media we use every day. A file can be perfect today and become unreadable in a few years, or decades, due to degradation of the material or, directly, because the support ends up failing over time. Therefore, when we talk about preserving information for centuries, CDs, DVDs, hard drives or tapes are not a definitive answer. And it is precisely in that gap, that of a support capable of resisting without permanent care, where projects like Microsoft’s try to open a different path. Project Silica. This is where this Microsoft Research project comes into play, aimed at rethinking what it means to archive information in the very long term. Instead of relying on conventional magnetic or optical technologies, the system uses ultrafast lasers to modify internal properties of the glass and store data in the form of three-dimensional voxels, which can then be read using optical techniques assisted by machine learning, as detailed by Microsoft in a study recently published in the journal Nature. It does not seek to compete with SSDs or hard drives in speed, but rather to offer a material base specifically designed for long-lasting conservation. looking back. The Redmond giant has been working on this line for years, and one of its best-known demonstrations came in 2019, when he managed to save the movie ‘Superman’ complete on a glass shard about the size of a coaster. That test confirmed that three-dimensional storage within the material was not just theoretical and that, in addition, the support could withstand heat and water, and even demagnetization tests. What changes now is not the fundamental idea, but the degree of technological development that could bring it closer to real preservation uses. From the laboratory to common glass. The central novelty of the 2026 announcement is not only in the estimated longevity, but in the material used to achieve it. Previous research relied on high-purity fused silica, which was limited in cost and production, while the new study demonstrates the possibility of encoding information in borosilicate glass, a widely available and much cheaper material. According to Microsoft, this advancement directly addresses marketing hurdles related to the storage medium. Now, this does not mean that the technology is ready to be deployed, but it does reduce the distance between scientific experiment and real application. Simpler and faster writing. The work released this week introduces relevant changes in the way data is written and read. The team has introduced so-called phase voxels, which can be formed with a single pulse, and has refined the writing of the birefringent voxels to reduce pulses and speed up the process, including a “pseudo-single-pulse writing” approach. Added to this are parallel writing techniques to record multiple data points simultaneously and a simplified reader that now requires a single camera, with machine learning support for classification and interference mitigation. Detail of writing equipment during data coding with high speed multibeam laser pulses The figures. Technically, the system can reach densities of up to 1.59 gigabits per cubic millimeter, which translates to about 4.84 terabytes in around 300 layers inside a glass chip that is 12 square centimeters square and 2 millimeters thick. That capacity is roughly equivalent to millions of printed books or thousands of 4K movies. Of course, this is a capacity that does not go unnoticed. As we can see, rather than competing in speed, the interest is in how much can be preserved in a small space for extremely long periods. 10,000 years. The estimates come from accelerated aging tests in which etched glass plates are subjected to high temperatures to simulate the passage of time, a common methodology in materials science. The results of tests carried out by the research team suggest that information could remain readable for periods of more than 10,000 years under normal storage conditions, a longevity tremendously greater than that of current electronic media. Even so, these are projections based on experimental models, not direct verification on a historical scale. What’s next. We are facing a surprising technical advance, but the technology continues to depend on expensive equipment and writing speeds well below current commercial solutions, factors that determine its viability outside the laboratory. Added to this are challenges of large-scale production, future compatibility and adoption models in institutions that really need to preserve data for centuries. For now, Microsoft places Project Silica in the field of shared research, open to other actors developing specific applications. Images | Microsoft In Xataka | The first hard drives in history were gigantic. Then a miracle happened: miniaturization

step by step of the online process

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Let’s explain to you how to register your electric scooter in the DGTone of the procedures that all owners of these vehicles they must perform in addition to having mandatory civil liability insurance. As you already know, this new regulation finally begins to put a little control on electric scooters in Spain. Specifically, the standard affects all vehicles with one or more wheels that are moved by electric motors and that reach speeds between 6 km/h and 25 km/h. When you register your scooter with the process that we are going to tell you, you will be given a PDF with which you can acquire an identification tag that you are going to have to place on your vehicle, a license plate for the electric scooter. In addition, you will also have to take out mandatory insurance. Scooter registration is a procedure what has a cost of 8.67 eurosbut then the 20 or 40 it costs to issue the license plate. If you do not do so, you may be fined like the owner of any other unregistered vehicle. How to register your electric scooter To register your electric scooter or VMP in the DGTyou can do it in person or through the DGT website. The URL of the website you have to go to is headquarters.dgt.gob.es/es/vehiculos/matriculaciones-de-vehiculos/inscripcion-vmp/index.html. Now you will have to identify yourself on the DGT website, for which you will need to use the Cl@ve system. You can use the Permanent Key or mobile or digital certificatelike the FNMT certificate. You can also do it by phone or through the app. myDGT. Once you have logged in, your basic personal data will be automatically loaded, such as ID, name, address, etc. You will have to check that everything is correct and continue. Then, you will go to a screen where you will have to enter vehicle detailssuch as serial number, certificate number (you can watch it here), brand, model and type of use. Once you have completed this information, you will be taken to a page where you will have to Enter the data to pay the fees. When you do so, the registration will be confirmed and a PDF will be sent to your email, which will serve as proof of the operation. Now, with this document you can go create the registration for your scooter, and you will also have to take out the mandatory insurance. Just remember that when you stop using the scooter, just like with a car or a motorcycle, you will have to go to an authorized scrapyard or clean point to proceed with its destruction and have it definitively removed from the DGT, with the proof that they will give you at this center. Cover photo | Volodymyr Dobrovolskyy In Xataka Basics | DGT map: how to use it to see ALL traffic incidents on Spanish roads in real time

How to uninstall OpenClaw (formerly Moltbot or Clawdbot) safely on your computer step by step

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Let’s tell you how to securely delete OpenClawformerly known as Moltbot or Clawdbot. This is a AI agentwhich can control your computer entirely, and which you can then control through apps like WhatsApp or Telegram. But there are quite a few dangers of OpenClawso just as we teach you how to install it If you want to poke around, now we will tell you how to uninstall it. As with installation, uninstallation requires a series of commands in the terminal from your computer, be it PowerShell in Windows or the terminal in macOS and GNU/Linux. 1. Use the official uninstall command The first step is to open your computer terminal and paste the following command*. When you do this, it will delete the local database, workspace, and installation files. openclaw uninstall –all –yes In the command, you have to use the name with which you installed the agentwhich can be openclaw, clawdbot or moltbot. In the first few weeks of this AI, the name has changed several times. It is possible that when finished you will see a message telling you that CLI is still installed. This is normal, and is something we will fix in the third step. 2. Manual cleaning If you use Windowspress Win+R and write services.msc. Within the screen where you go, look for the ClawdBot, MoltBot or OpenClaw service, right click and choose the option to stop it. Now, you have to open file explorer and delete these folders if they exist. The folder that should appear will depend on the name with which you installed the tool. C:\Users\\.clawdbot C:\Users\\.molbot C:\Users\\.openclaw If you use macOSenter the terminal and type one of the following commands, depending on the name with which you installed them. rm -rf ~/.clawdbot rm -rf ~/.moltbot rm -rf ~/.openclaw Then, you have to type one of these commands to prevent Clawdbot from starting every time you turn on your computer. rm -rf ~/Library/LaunchAgents/com.clawdbot rm -rf ~/Library/LaunchAgents/com.moltbot rm -rf ~/Library/LaunchAgents/com.openclaw 3. Remove the CLI tool You have already deleted your data, but the tool and its commands still exist in your terminal, since you installed them through NPM or HomeBrew. So, now you will have to uninstall it. If you have installed the tool through NPMwhich is the most common, use one of these commands, depending on the name you installed the tool with: npm uninstall -g clawdbot npm uninstall -g openclaw npm uninstall -g moltbot If you are a Mac useryou may have installed it through Homebrew. In this case, if the commands above do not work for you, you can try these: brew uninstall clawdbot brew uninstall openclaw brew uninstall moltbot If none of the commands above work for youthere is another more manual method if you don’t remember how they were installed. They are these commands: sudo rm -f /usr/local/bin/clawdbot sudo rm -f /usr/local/bin/openclaw sudo rm -f /opt/homebrew/bin/clawdbot 4. Additional security cleaning Ok, we have already removed the agent from our computer, but still has access to things like your email, your calendar, or your cloud accounts if you gave it to them when you installed it. Now it will be time to clean these permissions. To do this, you have to review the API keys you have collectedsuch as GitHub, Google Cloud, AWS, etc. Review and revoke or regenerate any API you gave to the bot. You also have to disconnect applications where you have linked it, such as your Google or Microsoft accounts, to revoke access to OpenClaw. Finally, log out of the agent web tool to ensure that you have stopped using it completely. 5. One last check Once you have done all this, restart the computer and open the terminal to write the following code: clawdbot –version If the response message is that it has not found the command or does not recognize it, it is because that’s it, you are done with the uninstallation. In Xataka Basics | The best prompts to save hours of work and do your tasks with ChatGPT, Gemini, Copilot or other artificial intelligence

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