farms

ban octopus farms worldwide

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On February 25, Mexico presented a reform of federal law of fishing to prohibit cephalopod farms throughout the national territory. It may seem strange, but when Maki Esther Ortiz Dominguez stood in front of the Senate of the Republic and defended the moratorium on aquaculture farming of octopuses, squid and cuttlefish, what she said made sense. Not only is it that they are a terribly difficult business, it is that there is more than firm evidence (always according to the senator) about the enormous problems of cannibalism and risks to public health that these farms bring. So much so that Mexico is not alone. Chili approved a similar ban in October 2025 and seven US states also have it. And it’s curious because what is being banned, in reality, doesn’t even exist on a commercial scale. The world (also Spain) is trying to prohibit something that is not being done. Which does not mean that it is not being tried. In fact, the Mexican initiative to prohibit “the reproduction, pre-fattening and fattening of cephalopods” in captivity is based on data from the Sisal facilities (Yucatán)the only farm of this type that is operational on the entire American continent. There, with the collaboration of UNAM, they have been trying to make octopus fish farms viable for 12 years. AND the data is terrible: mortality rates higher than 52%, 30% of deaths attributable to cannibalism, extremely inefficient conversion rates (three kilos of fish are needed to produce one kilo of octopus) and systematic mistreatment of these species that, if that were not enough, are considered especially intelligent. Especially intelligent? And ‘sentient’: in recent years, there has been no shortage of statements on the subject (Cambridge, 2012 and New York, 2024); but there is also extensive bibliographical reviews which point out that when we talk about cephalopods, we are talking about animals that are cognitively much closer to us. And that, of course, has generated consequences. In the same way as the publication of ‘Animal Liberation‘ contributed to creating the animal rights movement, all this research on octopuses has led to an unprecedented legislative trend. “Unprecedented” because, perhaps for the first time, the legislation comes before farms are a reality beyond experimental centers. And it’s coming very quickly: this regulatory wave has come together in a couple of years. And who would want farmed octopus? The simple answer is everyone. If the resulting problems are not made visible and affordable cephalopods are available, everyone will eat farmed octopus in a few years. Above all, because they are running out. At least in Spain, there is a whole combination of factors that They have made the octopus migrate north. In Spain, in fact, a proposal in this regard was already presented in the summer of 2025 and the European Parliament discussed the issue in December of the same year. It’s a matter of time, it seems. And, for now, Mexico and Chile are in the lead. Image | Milada Vigerova In Xataka | England is experiencing an unprecedented invasion. The problem is that they are octopuses, and they are devouring everything they can find.

China is so clear that the future of pork lies in ‘skyscraper farms’ that it is doing something: taking them to other countries

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When you think of pig farms, what comes to mind are large farms with pig pens, breeding areas, silos with feed… All of this (of course) horizontally. Things change if we are in China. There they have been thinking vertically for years and betting on farms in buildings of various heights, including authentic skyscrapers, such as the two 26-story towers raised in Ezhou (Hubei) and that are capable of breeding 1.2 million pigs every year. Now China has started ‘international’ model. What has happened? That China has begun to export its model of macro farms pig verticals. Although a few years ago the ‘farm towers’ sounded like science fiction and there were even foreign ranchers who raised their eyebrows reading about them, the bet seems to have worked for Beijing. At least enough to consider take her to Vietnamwhere the Chinese firm Muyuan Foods has joined forces with the local BAF to build a complex in the province of Tay Ninhin the southeast of the country. Its main peculiarity: breeding at altitude. What do they want to do? The idea is to develop a high-rise complex dedicated to pig farming, an infrastructure that will be carried out with an investment of just over 450 million dollars and will integrate a farm of 64,000 pigs with a factory capable of producing close to 600,000 tons of feed every year. In September Vietnam Investment Review pointed out that the project has received approval from the authorities of the province of Tay Ninh, where the complex will be built, and from the state authorities. What does it have to do with China? That one of the promoters of the project is Muyuan Foodshe greatest breeder of pigs from China and a heavy weight of the sector at an international level. In addition to his enormous capacity of production, the firm stands out for its commitment to raising pigs in buildings of up to six floors. “We have replaced traditional single-story pig farms with multi-story ones to improve efficiency and land use, promote recycling of manure and waste and ensure biosecurity,” the company explained during its IPO in Hong Kong, a few weeks ago. What is China doing? Although in other countries macro pig farms in towers may be shocking, in China they have been implementing the model for some time. To understand it, you have to go back to 2018, when the country saw how swine fever undermined its herds. The American Society for Microbiology estimates that in total the outbreak killed or forced the sacrifice of 225 million of pigs. The country is the largest producer and pork consumer in the world and it is estimated that before the 2018 outbreak it housed half of the planet’s pig population. In 2019, the Government formally allowed the use of multi-story buildings for livestock farming and just a year later Muyuan opened its doors. a macro complex in Nanyangwith twenty blocks of various plants capable of producing more than two million pigs each year. Little by little, China has been moving from a model in which pig farming was a common practice in homes (it still is in part of the country) to one based on commercial farms in which it is easier to manage waste and diseases such as swine fever. Why farms in skyscrapers? a few years ago The New York Times I was chatting with an expert of the US pork market that acknowledged that US farmers “look at photos of Chinese farms and just scratch their heads and say, ‘We would never dare do that.’” The truth is that buildings like those of Muyuan or the 26-story towers driven by Hubei Zhongxin Kaiwei Modern Farming in Ezhou have their advantages. This is what its promoters defend, at least, who present it as another step towards industrial agriculture. The same one that has also opted for the vertical farming farms. By thinking vertically, instead of the traditional horizontal model, they basically seek greater biosecurity and more efficient management. Why’s that? In the Ezhou skyscrapers, for example, they boast of incorporating thousands of automatic feeding points and a system capable of collecting, analyzing and using livestock feces. Not to mention that by betting on high-rise models, macro farms such as those in Muyuan, Zhongxin or Guangxi Yangxiang make it possible to address one of the sector’s biggest problems: the availability of land is limited, especially in populated areas. Of course, the tall model also has significant risks. The main one: that diseases spread more quickly through ventilation systems. Now, as Beijing tries stabilize the livestock herd China to avoid surpluses and prop up prices, the country is considering taking vertical macro farms beyond its borders. Images | China-Singapore Kaiwei Modern Animal Husbandry WeChat In Xataka | The new Spanish farmer no longer lives in the town: his name is John, he studied at Wharton and manages olive trees from New York

After the Fukushima nuclear accident, the pigs on the farms fled into the forest. Years later they were something different

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March 11, 2011 was one of the darkest days in Japan’s recent history. And probably the worst so far in the 21st century. An intense earthquake recorded off Honshu unleashed a tsunami with waves of more than ten meters that ended up precipitating an accident at the Fukushima plant. You have to go back to 1986, to Chernobyl, to find a similar incident. Today we know that that chain of misfortunes had an unexpected consequence: it gave rise to an involuntary experiment with pigs and wild boars. Pigs on the run. After the Fukushima Daiichi accident in March 2011, authorities rushed to evacuate all the people living in a radius of 20 kilometers of the nuclear power plant. Even those residing 20 to 30 km away were advised not to leave their homes. Today, a decade and a half later, we know that the Fukushima incident had another consequence: the pigs that until then were raised in domestic farms fled and took refuge in the forests, places that until then had served as home to wild boars. An XXL laboratory. The escape of the Fukushima pigs (and their clash with the wild boar populations) could have remained a minor anecdote if it were not for the fact that it gave rise to a curious improvised experiment. An involuntary one, which no one had planned, but which, due to the chances of history, ended up turning the forests of the exclusion zone into a gigantic zoological laboratory. The reason? Escaped pigs and wild boars ended up mating. “Without repeated introductions and minimal human activity, the region became a rare natural hybridization experiment,” explains Fukushima University. The experience was certainly interesting enough to attract the attention of Shingo Kaneko and Donovan Anderson, from Hirosaki, who decided to carry out a genetic study to better understand the results of crossing pigs and wild boars. Their conclusions have just been expressed in a published article a few days ago in the magazine Journal of Forest Research. What did they find out? Perhaps the most surprising has to do with the renewal of populations. Domestic pigs and wild boars differ not only in their appearance. They also show different patterns. For example, while the latter reproduce once a year, the former, the pigs we raise on farms, show a much faster cycle throughout the year. Kaneko’s study shows that this peculiarity of domesticated animals was maintained after their escape and was transmitted during hybridization through the mother. five generations. There is one piece of information that helps to better understand how accelerated its reproduction rate has been. For their study, the researchers analyzed the mitochondrial DNA and genetic markers of more than 200 animals captured over three years, between 2015 and 2018. One of the first questions they tried to clarify was: How related were these specimens to the pigs that escaped in 2011? How many came from that domestic lineage? Their conclusion was surprising: many hybrids were already more than five generations away from the original cross, suggesting “unusually rapid genetic renewal.” they add from Fukushima University. “Although it has previously been suggested that hybridization between pigs reintroduced into the wild and wild boar could contribute to population growth, this study shows, by analyzing a large-scale hybridization event following the Fukushima nuclear accident, that the rapid reproductive cycle of domestic pigs is inherited through the maternal lineage.” A diluted inheritance. It was not the only conclusion that the experts reached. Another, just as curious, is how hybrid creatures evolved. That domestic females favored a higher rate of reproduction does not mean that their inheritance was more pronounced. Quite the opposite. Farm sows energized generational renewal, but the initial strength of their genes was diluted little by little. “Rather than prolonging the genetic influence of domestic pigs, maternal pig lineages actually accelerated genetic turnover in wild boar populations,” apostille from Fukushima. Why is it important? The research is not interesting only for what it reveals to us about the Fukushima exclusion zone. Their conclusions go further and have practical implications for the rest of the world. Experts have long been concerned about hybridization between domestic and wild animals (especially between pigs and wild boars) due to its ecological repercussions. Curiously, the accident that occurred in Japan in 2011 has offered researchers a huge laboratory to better understand the phenomenon and how to address it. “The findings can be applied to wildlife management and invasive species damage control strategies,” Kaneko celebrates. “By understanding that the pig’s maternal lineage accelerates generational turnover, authorities can better predict the risks of population explosion.” Images | Max Saeiling (Unsplash), Wikipedia and Fukushima University In Xataka | An unprecedented experiment is happening in Ukraine: bombs have turned dogs into other animals

the “mobile farms” that operate in Spain to scam you

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A single person, operating from Barcelona, ​​and with technological material valued at 400,000 euros, managed an entire infrastructure capable of sending up to 2.5 million fraudulent messages every day. This is just one example of how criminal groups act through these SIM card farms, which they rent to execute massive scams that affect millions of users around the world. What are these farms and how do they operate? These ‘farms’ are basically industrial computer systems designed to exploit thousands of SIM cards simultaneously. The core of the system is the SIMBOX, boxes that house hundreds of professional GSM modems. Each modem functions as an independent mobile phone, capable of sending between 12 and 18 messages per minute. In the last case dismantled by the Civil Guard, the operator had 35 SIMBOX equipped with 865 active modems, controlled by a dozen computers. The result: millions of fraudulent calls and SMS sent daily to previously selected victims. Criminal business. According to explains the Civil Guard, these infrastructures were not necessary until recently. As reported by El País, a government order put into effect last June blocked any calls with Spanish numbers made from computers with IP located abroad to stop spam and fraudulent calls. For this reason, international criminals have been forced to find alternatives. In the case of Spain, they use someone within the country, with technical knowledge and knowledge of the country’s social structures to provide them with active local numbers. This is how this new criminal business niche is born. How the scam works. Just like explained The Civil Guard in the report of the last case dismantled, the operator did not directly execute the scams. Its role was to create and maintain active infrastructure, which it then rented to cybercriminal networks anywhere in the world in exchange for payments in cryptocurrencies. He used a cafeteria in Barcelona as a cover, passing it off as a call center to justify the massive registration of telephone lines with the providers. The SIM cards (more than 60,000 ready-to-use and another 10,000 brand new at the time of the intervention) were purchased from different providers and activated with false identities. Constant rotation. The sending numbers changed very frequently automatically, remaining active only for brief periods after registration to make tracking difficult for telephone companies and security agents. When the operators detected mass shipments from certain numbers, they had already been replaced by others. For specific cases, the operator also had a briefcase with a portable SIMBOX that allowed him to work from any location (even from a moving vehicle) using a Wi-Fi connection or mobile network. Automation. From the Civil Guard they assure that, although the infrastructure could contact thousands of people simultaneously, these were not completely random shipments. The criminal groups that rented the service previously studied the profiles of potential victims and directed the messages and calls toward specific groups. In the case investigated, they mainly targeted Russian and Ukrainian citizens residing in Spain, contacting them in their own languages ​​and posing as the National Police or employees of the Bank of Spain to pressure them and obtain bank details or high-value transfers. According to mention El País, 170,000 euros were stolen from one of the victims. How the network was dismantled. The Civil Guard identified the operator after several complaints filed in Aspe and Novelda (Alicante). The agents traced the telephone lines used in the scams to the Barcelona cafeteria, which they placed under surveillance. A man frequently left the establishment carrying large boxes that he transported to his home. Three searches, in the home, the cafeteria and a storage room, allowed the entire infrastructure to be intervened. The detainee, a 41-year-old Ukrainian computer scientist, was initially released with precautionary measures, but was arrested again when he tried to leave the country through the El Prat airport, according to account the middle Vigo Lighthouse. Third infrastructure of this type in the world. According to Indian the acting head of the Civil Guard Command in Alicante, Francisco Poyato, this is the third farm of its kind dismantled worldwide, the second in Europe and the first in Spain. The investigation remains open. Given the value of the material seized and that it was an infrastructure that provided services to multiple criminal groups, the Civil Guard estimates that the money swindled could amount to several million euros. Cover image | Civil Guard In Xataka | This is the new scam with fake phone numbers that already has victims: Google’s AI results are the ‘culprit’

why OpenAI is installing Boeing 747 engines in its data farms

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Just three years ago, Blake Scholl, CEO of aviation company Boom Supersonic, had a linear business plan: He would first build the supersonic plane of the future and, much later, retrofit its engines to generate power. However, a phone call changed the order of factors and revealed the desperation of the technology industry. On the other end of the line was Sam Altman. The OpenAI CEO’s message was a direct plea: “Please, please, please get us something.” Altman wasn’t looking for plane tickets; I was looking for electrical power. This anecdote, reported to the Financial Timessummarizes the state of emergency in the sector: artificial intelligence is advancing at breakneck speed, but it has hit the wall of physical infrastructure. While the AI evolves in monthspermits to connect to the electrical grid can take up to ten years in some regions. Faced with this paralysis, the industry has opted for “Plan B” which consists of bypassing the grid and manufacturing its own energy on site. The tall price of urgency. This strategic shift has profound consequences. The first is economic, the “delay” is expensive. According to BNP Paribas analystspower from a gas plant built for Meta in Ohio costs about $175 per megawatt hour, nearly double the average cost for an industrial customer. The second is environmental. Mark Dyson, from Rocky Mountain Institutewarns that the emissions of these plants are much worse than those of the general network, which combines efficient gas with renewables. Despite this, the urgency is such that the authorities are giving in. In Virginia, the world’s data center heartland, it is considering relaxing emissions rules to allow generators to run more frequently. Even polluting plants that were in retirement, like the Fisk plant in Chicagohave canceled their closure to feed the demand for AI. From the sky to the data center. The most surprising solution comes from aeronautical engineering through aeroderivative turbines. The ProEnergy Company are buying motor cores CF6-80C2 of the iconic Boeing 747 to rebuild them as ground power units. A single one of these turbines generates 48 megawatts, enough for a city of 40,000 homes. It is not an isolated case. GE Vernova already supplies this technology for the gigantic Stargate (OpenAI/Microsoft) data center in Texas. Blake Scholl himself confirmed that it will sell Crusoe turbines “practically identical” to those of his supersonic planes to finance his aeronautical project. The return of diesel. Beyond aviation turbines, the sector is rescuing the most reviled fuel: diesel. The manufacturer Cummins has already sold 39 gigawatts of energy to data centers, doubling their capacity this year. What was once emergency equipment for power outages is now in demand as a primary energy source. The situation has escalated to the US Government. Secretary of Energy, Chris Wright, suggested on Fox News an almost war economy measure: requisition the backup generators from data centers or large stores like Walmart to turn them over to the network when the general system falters. The ignored alternative: Is smoke necessary? Not everyone agrees that the return to the fossil is inevitable. A study by researchers at Stripe, Paces and Scale Microgrids maintains that the future is in “off-grid” solar microgrids. According to their calculations, a system with 44% solar energy is already as cheap as gas, and one with 90% renewables would surpass nuclear projects in profitability. The advantage is speed since these solar farms can be built in less than two years in desert areas from Texas or Arizona. Giants like Google have taken note, buying the electric company Intersect Power for 4.75 billion dollars to protect its clean supply and not depend on the network. However, the majority industry prefers diesel and known gas due to a matter of technical inertia, due to the prosaic fear that the cloud will go out if the sun does not shine. AI goes physical. The industry finds itself in a technical paradox. To power the most advanced software on the planet, big technology companies are resurrecting combustion engines and burning fossil fuels on a massive scale. Although these “bridge turbines” allow AI to continue growing today, experts cited by the Financial Times They warn that this fever could cool as the tech giants reduce their capital spending. For now, the cloud has had to come down to earth. The future of artificial intelligence, ironically, depends not only on brilliant code, but on who controls the underground and who manages to turn on enough “plugs” so that the greatest technological revolution of our era is not left in the dark. Image | freepik and Harpagornis Xataka | The exorbitant deployment of data centers for AI has a new problem: salt caverns

There are people buying land, farms and pig farms in Spain. And those people are investment funds

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If this were not an article by Xataka, if it were a novel by Michael Ende: the story would begin with a top-down shot of the Segrià fields. We would see farms and more farms, cereal fields, irrigated orchards, roads, the Segre winding through the plain. And, as we got closer to the ground, we would see a flood of little gray men with briefcases full of money. The argument would be obvious: the field is for sale and the funds have gone out to buy. 34 million pig heads. That is Spain: the undisputed leader of European pork, the third producer worldwide. A giant, no matter how hackneyed the metaphor may be, with feet of clay. And the Spanish countryside has many problems, but the most worrying (because it has no solution — neither easy nor difficult) is its exasperating lack of generational change. Thousands of farms are on the brink of disappearance simply because no one wants to take charge of them once the owner retires. And that “nobody” doesn’t include the funds? Not until very recently. Agriculture was an unsexy sector for financial capital, but now the situation has changed. We have seen it with agriculture: aggressive field management can generate a lot of income (even if it is at the cost of large negative externalities). Now, in addition, today two great factors have joined the celebration of capital: the first is that the mass of exploitations without relief is enormous. The second is that the processes of integration of farms with the meat industry have reached a point of no return — “the field” and “the industry” are now almost synonymous. A sea full of sharks. But, if that were not enough, the pressure on aquifers and international volatility are turning the agricultural world into a difficult place for small farms. Only large corporations have the lungs to dive into such tough markets. Is this bad news? If we look at the Spanish movements from a more international perspective, I’m afraid so. The Californian case is a warning for sailors: large funds are buying properties solely and exclusively for your water rights. And so, as seen in the last droughtit’s a huge problem. A problem that adds to environmental conflictsto rent captureto agricultural changesto the industrial dismantling of emptied Spain. A strange future. As I said before, Spain is the great agricultural power of the continent. In fact, little by little, it has become one of the great world powers in the marketing of agricultural products. But it will not be easy to stay there, the financial funds They are the best example and the problem is that everything seems to indicate that, along the way, the Spain we know will not be recognized by “not even the mother who gave birth to it.” Image | Annie Spratt | Markus Winkler In Xataka | The great paradox of Spanish olive oil: although it grows 15% a year, more than 500 olive oil mills will close in the next decade

There are farms that have more than 80,000 captivity scorpions and a strange mission: milking them

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Insect farms seem to come to stay. The European Union wants begin to be part of our diet And there are countries like Spain that are putting the batteries. An example is the Tebrio Plant in Salamancawhat will be the Greater Flour worm farm. But, in addition to producing food, we also raise other unusual animals, such as scorpions. In countries like Egypt, Mexico or China, scorpions have become a business. And not only do they raise them: they order them. Life poison. Scorpion is an animal that cool. There are more than 2,000 species, they are all over the world, except in Antarctica, and They have extraordinary characteristics. The sting and tweezers attract attention, but they have a very hard exoskeleton, they can regulate the amount of poison they inject at will, they have an excellent night vision, great control of metabolism and endure their breath almost a week. Come on, they have been here for 400 million years and are older than dinosaurs, so they have had to force everything that has been preceded. Now, much less than we can think are dangerous for humans. The poison is designed for the hunt for their prey and, of those 2,000 species, only between 25 and 50 would be in danger (and the bites of many of them would not be lethal). Farms. And it is precisely that poison that interests us as a species. The amount of poison that a few hundred copies have would be insufficient, so places are needed in which to house thousands of these arachnids. And when I talk about thousands … it’s thousands. Nigeria is one power in the breeding of scorpions, but also China, Thailand, Mexico or Egypt. In this country There are facilities With 80,000 copies. Eighty thousand scorpions, which is said soon. These farms require specific conditions for parenting, with areas adapted to the species in which they have specialized and a number of specimens that varies depending on the objective. Thus, farms can be used to have copies to release and help us control pests. They can be part of a laboratory of Antivenene Research Or, directly, a farm in which we milked them. Milking scorpions. Ordering animals has nothing strange, but we must recognize that ordering scorpions is something that comes out of the ordinary. What interests is his poison, and farmers like Metin Orenler give the key in ABS Science To do so: patience, pulse, courage and a game of tweezers with which to extract the poison. The problem is that each of its scorpions (Androctonus turiyensiswhere appropriate) only produces two milligrams of poison a day. It is very little and is the reason why these farms have tens of thousands of copies. In the case of Orenler, 20,000 scorpions. Liquid gold. After milking it, they freeze it into liquid nitrogen, they make it powder and this Turkish farm sells it to Europe to Medical researchbut there are other countries (especially in Asia) that are also very interested in this scorpion poison dust. And this is where the key is: the scorpion poison is the liquid More expensive of the world. How much? Orender states that ten million liter. It is necessary to milked a lot to reach those amounts, it is evident, but still … Why is it paid so much? Potential. For many reasons, really. We have already talked about the research, and in ABC, Volker Herzig, who is a professor at the University of Sunshine Coast, comments that peptides and proteins, very numerous in the scorpion venom, can be isolated and analyzed to create something beneficial for us. For example, for the biological control of insects and parasites in agriculture or veterinary, but also to treat human diseases. Herzig explains that they are powerful and very specific compounds and that, if they manage to combine properly, they can be almost miraculous. “Let’s say that a protein is hyperactive in a disease, so if you find a poison toxin – scorpion – that manages to block it, a measure can be created to combat it.” The researcher points out that they have found components with potential to treat epilepsy, irritable colon and even strokes. Dorothy Wai is a researcher at the Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Monash and also studies medical uses of the poison. And his research focuses on the treatment of autoimmune diseases, such as multiple sclerosis, thanks to a protein called KV1.3 present in this substance. Following the venom trace. The problem is that Herzig also comments that, although he has received offers from farms to buy poison, he rarely buys because “you can never be sure of the origin.” That is, if he needs something very specific and contact him from India (something that has happened), he does not know if they really want to sell the poison because of how lucrative it is or because it is the concrete venom you need for your research. “I think that several more toxinologists have received similar offers,” he says, adding that what he has decided to make samples is … traveling through Europe and manually milking scorpions raised by individuals. He assures that there is “a great movement in Europe of people who raise spiders and scorpions as pets”, and what really awakens my curiosity, and also a itching in the back, is the phrase of “visits to someone and has 200 copies in the basement.” Cosmetics. Wait, how much money these researchers have? The answer is that it is not they who take the bulk of production, but the cosmetics industry, which adds scorpion or extracts to their products, as well as traditional medicine companies. Teams like Herzig’s no longer collect poison, because when they sequence DNA, they don’t need more, but to create traditional medicines not backed by scientific evidence or new cosmetics, you do need large quantities. On this, the researcher comments that he does not know what they put to these products and that it would be cautious, … Read more

Emirates financed a study to know if it can cause rain in the desert with solar farms. The answer is yes

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As water It becomes a more precious resource than oila group of scientists has analyzed if solar farms can have an even more beneficial effect than generating energy with sunlight: making it rain in the desert, offering the communities most affected by drought water and renewable energy at the same time . Climate engineering against drought. Given the drama of its waning water resources, the United Arab Emirates government financed a study published by German researchers in Earth System Dynamics. The researchers proposed to create artificial heat islands by installing large black surfaces (ideally, solar panel farms) to enhance precipitation in arid areas. A promising result. The scientists simulated the impact of these surfaces with advanced models and obtained surprising results. A heat island of 20 km² induces an increase in rains 571,616 m³ a day. This could be translated into water supplies for about 31,000 people. Only with an area of ​​20 km². But the interesting thing about study is not its quantitative results, but the possibility of implementing these surfaces taking advantage of existing infrastructure, such as photovoltaic solar panels. This solution would not only address water scarcity but also contribute to renewable energy production. How it works. That a farm of solar panels can induce rain is not a very intuitive concept, but it is something that He has been studying for a while, particularly in the Sahara. These facilities, by absorbing heat with their dark panels, could create ascending currents that, under the right conditions, would trigger rain storms. When these farms exceed a certain size (about 15 km²), the heat absorbed by the panels, in contrast to the most reflective sand, significantly increases the convection currents necessary for cloud formation. Areas where we know is viable. For this process to work, a source of atmospheric humidity is needed. The models showed that the wet winds of great height from the Persian Gulf are enough, to the joy of Emirates. The researchers also identified other areas of the world where it could work, such as Namibia and the Peninsula of Baja California in Mexico. Some limitations. The initiative requires darker surfaces than those commonly produced by solar panel manufacturers. Some panels are even reflective to improve your thermal performance. However, the Construction of increasingly large solar farmsespecially in China, they open the door to try the idea in the real world. It won’t be simple, of course. The implementation of gigantic heat islands raises logistic, but also ecological and social challenges. For example, how would these surfaces affect local biodiversity? What would be the visual and social impact on nearby communities? You need more research and pilot tests to discover it. The case of Emirates. The United Arab Emirates government, which financed the study, is facing the shortage of two ways, mainly: desalination and sowing of clouds. The program of Cloud sowing through airplanes Plan about 300 missions every year, but like desalination, it is an expensive method with limitations. In this context, large solar farm surfaces are a promising alternative. Image | Pixabay In Xataka | The regions of the world most threatened by drought, collected in a great interactive map In Xataka | The biggest problem of Perovskita’s solar panels was its durability. China has just resolved it *An earlier version of this article was published in February 2024

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