The first 2024 Nobel Prize, the one awarded in Physiology and Medicine, has been awarded to three people: Mary E. Brunkow, Fred Ramsdell and Shimon Sakaguchi for his discoveries related to peripheral immune tolerance that prevents the immune system from damaging the body.
The discovery. The Committee has recognized the important role of the identification of the Guardians of the Immune System, the regulatory T cells, which feels a great investigation in the field of autoimmune diseases. The fact of knowing much more of this type of cell has opened the way to develop new treatments that are now in the clinical trial phase.
What did the pools say? This year the truth is that many names arose around this award. Keep in mind that for 2025 drugs GLP-1 recipient agonists how are the famous Ozempic or the Mounjaro They are still in the mouth of many, and one more year they were very present in the pools in the scientific world after not having received the award the previous year. An award that in 2024 I fell to Ambros and Ruvkun for the discovery of RNA.
There were also people who directly pointed to the New studies focused on cancer or in which it allows us to understand what happens in our brain so that neurodegenerative diseases occur.
In Spain we had also two possible candidates to take an award that is undoubtedly desired by many members of the scientific community. In this case, our country does not have a Nobel since Camilo José Cela got it in 1989, and this year Pablo Jarillo-Herrero and Juan Ignacio Cirac Sasturain They pointed out that we were going to get a new award.
First Nobel of the year. The prize in Physiology and Medicine is that the Great Nobel Week has traditionally opened. From this moment on, those awarded in the different disciplines where this Nobel is distributed will begin to emerge: Physics, Chemistry, Literature, Peace and Economic Sciences.
If we focus on the prize in physiology and medicine, it should be noted that until today They have been distributed 115 awarded among 230 winners and winners since this celebration began in 1901 when Emil Von Behring premiered the category for its development of therapeutic sera to treat diphtheria.
As a curiosity, the average age of the winners is 58 years, with Frederick Banting as the youngest person to receive him for the discovery of insulin in 1923. At the other extreme we have the longest with Peyton Rous, 87, who received the award for the discovery of the ability of a virus to induce a tumor (Like HPV) in 1966.
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