I had no idea how to execute a local AI and I just did it in five minutes with my Android. It has been a disaster

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The career of whom he manufactures The most capable smartphone It will not be alone in its components: AI has become an essential absolute To win this battle. Gemini He is the absolute protagonist, both in Android and in an iOS in which The presence of AI is insignificant. A complete and capable assistant, with the requirement of being permanently connected to the Internet. Google, Gemini’s mother, has decided Give 100% local models a chance in Android. Including those of its competitors. I, who had never executed a local AI on a PC, I have been able to achieve it on my phone in five minutes. 10 Google applications that could have triumphed Installing Google ai Edge Gallery Google has released an open source app so that any user can interact with multimodal AI models. It is completely free, has no publicity, and its only limitation is that it is not published in Google Play Store. You have to Download it from github. It is as easy as clicking on the link and downloading the file, which weighs 115 MB. Once you have downloaded it, click on it and install like any other app. Depending on the customization layer you use and the browser from which you download it, it is possible that the system asks for the occasional permission. Give it without fear, since it is a clean Google app. Once installed, the app will be in the application drawer or desktop of your phone, depending on your layer. Just open it and download the available models to start using it. Using the local AI in my Android This application allows you to use four predetermined models of the local AI: GEMMA-3N-E2B-IT-Int4 GEMMA-3N-E4B-IT-IN4 GEMMA3-1B-IT-Q4 Qwen2.5-1.5b-Instruct Q8 Each of these names is very likely to sound to Chinese, but there is a very simple summary. Gemma are the Google models, and the number behind “E2B, E4B, 1b”, refers to the parameter number of each model (2 billion, 4,000 million, 1,000 million). This means that, in order, Gemma 3 1b is the fastest, but more basic model, followed by E2B and with E4B to the head as the most complete. On the Qwen side, it is a Chinese model developed by Alibaba, with 1.5 billion parameters, and quite logical precision. These are the models that the app brings, but we can install models on our own. What I win and what I lose using the local The Google app is designed to execute three scenarios of use: Images questions: problem solving, identifying objects, etc. Prompt Lab for summaries, rewriting texts and code generation. Ai Chat: Multi -urnal conversations with AI The local AI is somewhat more limited in these scenarios of use, but in return it is more private. It runs 100% on your phone, without connection to servers. This minimizes response latency, something that I wanted to verify with a fairly simple test: the translation of a text not too extensive. “If the computing power on each chip continue to grow exponentially, Moore real Demanded Were Useful in Business Applications, Too. Defense Contractors Thought About Chips Mostly As a Product that Could Replace Older Electronics in All The Military Systems. “WHEN US DEFENSE SECRETARY ROBERT MCNAMARA REFORMED MILITARY PROCUREMENT TO CUT COSTS IN THE EARLY 1960S, CAUSING WHAT SUB IN THE ELECTRONICS INDUSTRY CALLED THE” MCNAMARA DEPRESSION, “FAIRCHILD’S VISION OF CHIPS FOR CIVILS SEEMED PRISON Off-The-Shelf Integrated Circuits for Civilian Customers Even Sold Products Below Manufacturing Cost, Hoping to convince more customers to trym. “ Chatgpt (4th): 5 seconds Deepseek: 19 seconds The local Google (Gemma 3 1b): has not understood the instruction. Google local (Gemma 3 E2b): 26 seconds. Google local (Gemma 3 E4b): 34 seconds. Google local (Qwen 2.5): 16 seconds. The results are quite irregularand that is that the app is in its initial stage. The main problem I have found is that sometimes it is difficult for him to execute the model, even in cases of light models such as Qwen. In a Samsung Galaxy S25 Ultra I had to restart the app on some occasion, since I did not execute the prompt. I have also wanted to prove how simple problems solve with the visual understanding of images, using the heavy model E4B of Gemma. It has also been quite disaster. In the first attempt I have asked him to solve all the problems. He has succeeded. In the second, I have asked him to solve only the first. He was wrong and, after telling him that it was wrong, he has err. Yes, he does a good job recognizing elements in the images, but it still has a hard time going further (Google just lets his Gemma models choose for these tasks). The conversational assistant works well, with its limitations, but well. It serves to talk and help us with any task that we can think of that you do not need a real -time search on the Internet. If you are especially jealous with your privacy, and want to execute the without any server connection, it is a relatively valid alternative. Google has this app as a test laboratory. At least for now it is not a real alternative, much less, to Gemini. Image | Xataka In Xataka | Artificial Intelligence on your PC: The best free tools to install models of AI as Deepseek, call, mistral, gemma and more

There is an influencer shining in all public baths in Spain so that others do not have to do it

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Ali Blackbet is a unique case within content creators. His accounts in social networks, especially those of Tiktok, have ended up finding a unique niche, a space reserved for the largest: the testing of public toilets, which executes with a very personal and hilarious style. Her sense of humor and the sophisticated of her edition and locutions make her a real rarity … and an essential event if you are interested in humor in bad taste. Seven months in toilets. Ali Blackbet started with his Tiktok account in 2021 (or at least, the historic takes us there), but had been on Instagram since 2012. Until last year, its contents focused on what was clearly interested: Disclosure on occultism and dark historytypical entrances of Diario everyday influencer and a multitude of Concert images Three bands where the bass sings and plays, Brothers Till We Die, Grim Death and Pirate Queen. Although on Instagram It still slips its most personal and aesthetic contentit is in Tiktok where it has taken the total turn towards the analysis of public services. 11 tricks to dominate Tik tok Germinate a calçot. Always titling their videos such as ‘Kingo in public places’ and starting with a crazy serial number (“day 2302 …”), Ali Blackbet frequents especially inaccessible or twisted public services: the Madrid City Council, the market of the market of The Nationalthe CITY OF ARTS AND SCIENCEShe Royal Palace, A plane… and does it with a very special grace, starting with the same denomination of the act (“bend the scaffold”, “orchestrate a zarzuela”, “release the chulapa”, “eating soft and pissing hard”) and following by the frantic edition, full of surprises, winks and even planes of a thousandth of second that seem taken from a dark metal video clip. Humor speaks. The most unique thing is that Ali Blackbet really analyzes the bathrooms, and ends up making the viewer at your disposal a humorous, but quite firm criterion, what to expect in each public service. All this thanks to the variety and conciseness of the valuation parameters: cleaning, lighting, water temperature, thickness of the toilet paper, toilet shape, operation of the tank, location, access … Result: 187,000 followers in Tiktok and videos that walk between 200 and 600,000 visualizations. New moods. Ali Blackbet belongs to a new generation of creators, which collecting the witness of a previous generation of humorists whose work has diversified in other media, such as Victoria Martín, Gakian, Esty Quesada either Lalachushave radicalized the previous proposals. With even less complex and throwing themselves into a much more crazy humor and are not afraid of being shocking or offensive, there is a whole generation of creators who often have nothing to do with each other but that are germinating very interesting profiles. Cases such as Magdalenita and his resounding retransmission of the Mérida festivities, the trchants Unboxings of toys of Beh Joestar or the lip-syncs skidded Teresa Aranguiz. Or this Ali Blackbet that, without being exclusively a humor account, has already put on the table the expression “train your dragon.” There are days to those who cannot ask for more. Header | Ali Blackbet In Xataka | The Bible was always the most sacred book. The young Christians are filling it with post-ps, underlined and cuquis covers

We thought that gasoline cars were much cleaner than diesel. We did not have the effect of the sun

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For every 100 cars that are sold in Spain, just five are diesel. They are the latest data we have in Spain of registration, which reflects to what extent the diesel (despite having market niches in which It is still profitable) It has become an almost banished fuel in our country. And although it may be weird, it does not make 70% of the cars we bought were diesel moved. In fact, just over a decade ago. In 2014 the diesel lived his golden age. From its 70.06% market share It has plummeted. There are numerous factors that explain the rise and fall of diesel. For years, its price was so cheap (in fact it is still subsidized) than each buyer He poured liter calculations consumed For every 100 kilometers to know how long it would take to make investment profitable since they used to be more expensive motorizations. But over the years, emission regulations were drowning the diesel. Especially after the famous Dieselgate in which it was discovered that the Volkswagen Group (first defendant) and other companies trucan their emissions to offer data within the legality in the homologation exams to, outside them, contaminate more than allowed. With Euro 6, diesel were put much more complicated since 2015. For sample, the comparison between the demands made to diesel engines compared to gasoline and that You can read in this extensive article of Xataka in which all the normative change was explained: Limits for a gasoline engine CO (carbon monoxide): 1.0 g/km HC (total hydrocarbons): 0.10 g/km NOX (nitrogen oxides): 0.060 g/km HC + NOX (hydrocarbons and nitrogen oxides): 0.160 g/km (approx.) PM (suspended particles): 0.005 g/km P (number of particles): 6×10^11/km (6×10^12/km for three years for direct injection) Limits for a diesel engine CO (carbon monoxide): 0.50 g/km HC (total hydrocarbons): 0.09 g/km (approx.) NOX (nitrogen oxides): 0.080 g/km HC + Nox (hydrocarbons and nitrogen oxides): 0.170 g/km PM (suspended particles): 0.005 g/km P (number of particles): 6×10^11/km The problem is that, due to its own operation, A diesel is less pollutant in CO2 that a gasoline but expels many more particle emissions than They are very dangerous to the health of the human beinglike the Nitrogen oxides (NOX). Although the value was slightly higher for diesel, emission regulations were forcing manufacturers to squeeze the brain. With Euro 5 the particle filter. From Euro 6, the Adblue. These measures ended up banishing diesel engines of smaller cars. Well because they contaminated too much or because innovations to be installed in them It was more expensive both the product that did not make it viable. If we take into account the increase in the product, the bad reputation after the dieselgate and the innumerable statements On a rise in the price of fuel, now it is better understood The sudden drop in sales. All this explanation makes sense. Do you remember that Euro 5 forced to mount particle filters in diesel cars? And that with the Dieselgate the cars reflected some emission figures that were not real? A study now indicates something similar for gasoline cars. It is not that they are cheating, they point out that the emission regulations itself may not be enough to tell us how pollutants are our cars. A little effective particle filter In short, a particle filter is a kind of mesh that catches larger pollutant emissions before expelling them to the atmosphere through the exhaust pipe. Taking advantage of the heat of gases, the mesh takes temperature and burns the particles, reducing emissions. That is a problem in the cars that start and stop every time or those that do many kilometers by city because the engine does not give time to take the temperature enough to burn these particles and the filter ends up collapsing, causing a somewhat expensive breakdown. For some years, emission regulations have forced gasoline cars to also mont particle filters to get emissions not to exceed the allowed limits. However, as a gasoline engine works at a higher temperature, It is more complicated to fall into these types of situations. However, a study published in Science Advances He has pointed out a problem: they are not enough. The particle filter aims to reduce the Volume of fine particles that are expelled to the atmosphere, PM2.5. And they get it, according to researchers but that is not enough to ensure that their toxicity is lower. They point out in their study that it is not enough to measure emissions just after combustion, they should be studied how they behave once in the atmosphere. And how do they behave?: Bad. They point out that, once in the air, the experts expelled are exposed to sunlight and that they cause a series of transformations that make them remarkably more toxic to the human being. They explain in Phys.org that the modification of the particles caused damage to the human DNA and in cells that we find in our bronchi. It is what they call “photochemical aging” that causes particles to increase their toxicity generating “oxygenated volatile compounds, such as carbonilos.” In the article they point out that Dr. Mathilde Delaval, the first author of the study and researcher at Helmholtz Munich, says that “our study shows that we are missing a large part of the panorama by not considering How exhaust gases changeand become more harmful, after leaving the car. “ The study is partially financed by the European Union and in it they have intervened in one way or another universities and laboratories of Germany, Finland and Switzerland. Photo | Nursultan Abakirov and Romanov Nick In Xataka | Diesel or gasoline: what are the differences and which one is better to buy according to your use

presumably already has its first 6 -nm GPU for full games China

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In China there are dozens of GPU designers for games and artificial intelligence (AI). The Chinese government has supported the proliferation of these companies with Very juicy subsidies in answer to US sanctions. Huawei, Metax, Biren Technology, Moore ThreadsInnosilicon, Zhaoxin, Iluvatar Corex, Deglinai or Vast Ai Tech are some of the most important, but there are more. Many more. And among all of them, it has just attracted the attention of the semiconductor industry: Lisuan Technology. This emerging company was born in 2021, in the same breeding ground triggered by The conflict held by the US and China which has also resulted in the constitution of other best -known graphic hardware companies, such as Moore Threads or Biren Technology. Although, as we have just seen, it is a very young firm, it is supported by veteran engineers who have developed a good part of their professional career in the US. It is exactly the same that happens with Moore Threads or Bire Technology, who tell in their ranks with former Nvidia employees. Lisuan has announced that it has a GPU as powerful as the GeForce RTX 4060 This week this company has revealed In your Wechat account Something important: it already has a GPU for games as powerful as the GeForce RTX 4060 of Nvidia. This is what Lisuan says, so the most prudent is that we collect it with reservations. When this graphic hardware is finally available we will check if this statement is reliable or not. However, this is not all. The most relevant thing is that this company ensures that this GPU, which it has baptized as G100, is the first manufactured entirely in China using 6 Nm integration technology. SMIC is already manufacturing in its nodes of 6 Nm the GPU for the Ascend 920 of Huawei Lisuan has not confirmed which Chinese manufacturer of semiconductors is producing this chip, but in all likelihood it is about SMIC (Semiconductor manufacturing international corp), The largest Chinese manufacturer of integrated circuits. This company You are already manufacturing in its 6 Nm nodes THE GPU FOR IA Ascend 920 From Huawei, so it is perfectly credible that this chip for Lisuan Technology produces in those same nodes. To manufacture integrated 6 and 7 nm circuits using equipment deep ultraviolet photolithography (UVP) of the Dutch company ASML SMIC uses a technique known as Multiple patterning. This strategy consists in transferring the pattern to the wafer in several passes with the purpose of increasing the resolution of the lithographic process. It works, but is responsible for the performance by wafer Be clearly improvable. In any case, Lisuan has revealed some more data about its G100 GPU. Apparently this graphic processor will work side by side with a generous vram memory map (it is only a conjecture, but it will possibly be 16 GB), will have moderate energy consumption And it will be compatible with the API Directx 12, Vulkan 1.3, OpenGL 4.6 and OpenGL 3.0, so it should be able to deal with current video games without problem as long as their controllers are up to it. Whatever the first graphics cards equipped with this GPU will be available during the third quarter of this year, although it is likely that large -scale manufacturing arrives at the beginning of 2026. Image | Lisuan Technology More information | Lisuan Technology In Xataka | We can forget an AI without hallucinations for now. The general director of Nvidia explains why

Surfshark protects you on the Internet for less than three euros per month

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Keeping our data on the Internet is not as easy as it seems. Introduce personal data in portals can make them end up in the hands of criminals or scammers, to the point that suffering attacks from Phishing It is something relatively common. Having tools that protect us to the maximum is ideal, although it is not always easy to find them gathered. Surfshark does have them in its surfshark one plan. The best thing is that it only costs 2.69 euros a month. Surfshark One Subscription – Monthly * Some price may have changed from the last review Surfshark One Plan has VPN and much more This surfshark plan goes a step beyond its Starter subscription. Surfshark One includes the two tools that come in the aforementioned plan, or what is the same, its VPN that will serve to connect to the Internet safely (even in public networks such as those of the hotels) and ALTERNATIVE IDthat will create fictitious data so that we can use them on any website. In addition to these two tools, the Starter Plan comes with three more additional. The first one is called Alternative Numberwhich does the same as the previous one but with a phone number. In addition, we have Surfshark Alertwhat will do will let us know if a data filtration occurs on the Internet and our information appears in them. It is very useful, especially since the notification will come automatically without us having to do anything. Surfshark itself, in fact, has a scanner that allows us to check in real time If our email has been filtered on the Internet. It is very simple to use: it is enough to enter The page you have for this and enter our data. As we have advanced above, Surfshark One Cuesta 2.69 euros a month now that it is promoting. That means that two years of the complete service will cost us 72.63 euros, a discouragement if we take into account that its usual price is 484.65 euros. Also, there does not end the thing: We will receive three months extra giftso we will enjoy 27 months instead of 24. Some of the links of this article are affiliated and can report a benefit to Xataka. In case of non -availability, offers may vary. Image | Surfshark In Xataka | Why it is dangerous to connect to public wifis and what you should do to protect yourself In Xataka | Antivirus in Windows 11: What are, differences between free and payment and the best for your PC

There is a career to achieve the cheapest and most powerful model. And against all prognosis, China is winning it

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On May 20 Google launched Gemini 2.5 Pro and Gemini 2.5 Flash in preliminary version. These new AI models were better than ever, and to demonstrate the company included in its announcement several graphs and comparative tables. They looked at how both surpassed their rivals both in the field of reasoning and in the traditional performance (Benchmarks of Mathematics or Programming), but there was also another fact that Google presumed: Google: The cost of Gemini 2.5 Flash. Source: Google. That table published by Google made it clear that Gemini 2.5 Flash It was clearly the winner of that comparison in the important price/benefits ratio. What Google did not say is that this success of this model was the exception to the rule, because in that race for having cheap and powerful models, China seems to take the lead. He does it at least if we attend to the cost of using these models. In Xataka we have analyzed that cost based not on the price of subscriptions for end users, but on the cost of access to the API, which is the one that allows developers to integrate these models into their own chatbots and their services. The API prices of each model clearly differentiate two uses from artificial intelligence. On the one hand, how much does it cost to write something for the model to then process it (the so -called input tokens). On the other, how much does the text generated by the model once processed the answer (the so -called output tokens). The entrance tokens They are usually five times cheaper than exitbecause processing the request and generating text is much more expensive than receiving it, analyzing and “understanding it.” We wanted to compare the cost of the main models of the AI ​​developed in China and those of the US, and although as always are not all that are, if they are all. The resulting table is as follows: These prices are public and very easy to find in the case of US AI models (OpenAI, Anthropic, Google) but not so much in the case of Chinese models (Deepseek, Qwen (Alibaba), Doubao (Bytedance), GLM-4 (Zhipu), Ernie (Baidu)). Be that as it may, the table, ordered from the cheapest to the most expensive, demonstrates that today Chinese models are especially cheap. Only Gemini 2.5 Flash Preview manages to compete – and does it exceptionally. In the rest of the cases, the AI ​​models in China win the battle for cost. It must be noted that, Like all comparisons, this is unfair. And it is because that table does not take into account the benefits of each model. Openai O3 and Anthropic Claude Opus 4, the last and most powerful models of those companies, are especially precise in their answers, but each consultation consumes much more resources (computation, energy) and that makes it logical that they are much more expensive than their competitors. But these models are also designed for very special cases and for specialized, detailed and deep consultations. In the vast majority of cases it is not necessary to use these models, and that is where they are competing for example Deepseek R1 or Gemini 2.5 Flash Preview: in the price/benefits ratio. Models with variable prices That price battle has made us see in recent times two techniques that some companies are applying to the prices of use of their APIs. The first one is to differentiate normal entries and outputs of inputs (and even exits) cache. Deepseek API prices. Attentive to the lower left: according to the time you use them, they can leave cheaper. Source: Deepseek. The explanation is simple: a “normal” entry is a request or question that the model has never processed and therefore has to process completely. If the entrance has been caught (Cache hit) is because that request has been processed in the past, so the system can obtain the response of its cache, which significantly reduces the computational costs. Deepseek, Google, Anthropic and Openai offer this type of option, as can be seen in the table. The second technique is to use variable prices according to (at the moment) the time slot in which we use these models. This is what Deepseek has done, which has “day” and “night” prices according to UTC schedule. If you use the Depseek API from 18:30 to 2:30 (Peninsular schedule in Spain), it will be half price. Good news: AI is every time (much) cheaper While China and the US fight who has the most powerful model or who has the cheapest model, what is constantly happening is that the AI ​​price is falling remarkably. It is an observation that several experts such as Ethan Mollick, a professor at the University of Pennsylvania who recently analyzed how That price/benefits ratio does nothing but improve. The models are getting better and cheaper. Other experts such as Raveesh Bhalla – explained by Netflix and LinkedIn – also reflected this evolution at the beginning of the year. Then he showed how the cost of an O1 level model had dropped 27 times in the last three months. Moreover, at this rhythm the GPT4 level models – which a year ago were absolute referents – will be reduced 1,000 times in just 18 months. We are living it in price reduction. Dane Bahey, from Openai, said at a conference in September last year how the cost per million tokens had fallen from 36 dollars At just 0.25 dollars In the last 18 months. And that price drop is still clear and fantastic for users. Thus, we are facing a career that at the moment has a lot of stretch: China’s models carry the lead if we attend only to their cost, but careful, because we must also take into account the benefits. It is true that these Chinese models have already shown in the benchmarks that have been showing that they compete from you to you with the best US models, and now it remains to … Read more

“Backpacks to travel with Ryanair”

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40 x 20 x 25 cm. Not one more centimeter. Those are the measures that Ryanair allows for his hand luggage on his regular flights. If you want to wear a trolley in the cabin, you pay it. The least that is the intention of the company and the reason that has led him to enter an open conflict with the Government of Spain and some courts of our country. In short, the Ministry of Consumption fined a few months ago with More than 100 million euros To the Irish company for not allowing the passenger to wear hand luggage on their flights, which is considered “essential” And it is mandatory to operate in Europe. Ryanair It defends itself Saying that of course it allows you to carry hand luggage but that there is no regulations that clearly specify what size it should be. And they put their rules: a backpack that does not exceed the measures 40 x 20 x 25 cm. The conflict, beyond the fine, has reached the courts because Some users They consider that the company continues to comply with their obligation to allow them to access the plane with a trolley once the government has fined them for what, they consider, an infraction. Justice, however, has issued positive results In favor of users but also In favor of the companyhence the legality or not of the norm remains in question. And given this situation, there are those who are doing their August selling “Ryanair backpacks.” The exact measures To verify that the passengers comply with their standards, the airline has metal drawers at the entrance of their flights where it measures the suitcases with which it is accessed inside. And various images suggest that Workers have the order to be inflexible. Keep in mind that Ryanair allows you to bill a suitcase that exceeds the aforementioned measures or, in any case, pay to take it on board on the plane. However, if the suitcase does not enter at the boarding door and a rate has not been chosen that allows it to take it on board, Ryanair will charge 50 euros for his turnover. Specific backpack for Ryanair on Amazon Specific backpacks for Ryanar in Aliexpress Demonstration of how to organize the suitcase to travel with a “backpack for Ryanair” Undoubtedly, it is the perfect ground for companies to get a good slice. A single consultation at Amazon reveals that “Ryanair backpacks” They have multiplied. The ads cannot be more explicit and always carry a brief description with the maximum measures occupied by the suitcase. Obviously: 40 x 20 x 25 cm. Any backpack that we find on the network with these measures or specifications seems taken from an origami exercise. Pockets everywhere, specific spaces for the mobile phone or other electronic devices, a loading to incorporate an internal battery for documentation and even photographs with the disposition that must wear bent clothes to maximize the interior space. Add a cabin suitcase to the Ryanair ticket costs 26 euros extra Backpack specialized companies have their own “backpack to travel with Ryanair” Others have added the company’s name to the commercial denomination of the model The price also plays with Ryanair’s own rate. The company charges 26 euros extra At the price of the plane ticket to carry a cabin suitcase up to 10 kg on board. Most of the backpacks offered can be found between 23 and 26 euros so, technically, already It is worth it Opting for such a backpack on a round trip if, as Ryanair points out in his own regular rate we are willing to “travel light”. The phenomenon not only extends to a marketplace such as Amazon or Aliexpress. There are even companies that They have been named Ryanair to the Commercial Denomination of your backpack, as this is sold in El Corte Inglésand marks specialized in backpacks like Minimalism either 1990s They are also taking advantage of the pull to sell specific backpacks to travel with the company. Photos | Amazon, Aliexpress, Minimalism and Soriano Suitcases and Bags In Xataka | Ryanair has spent a year selling so cheap that now his passengers will suffer the consequences: expensive tickets in 2025

Students feel that Pau is the opposite

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This year, thousands of high school students face A historical selectivity. For the first time, the University Access Test (PAU) will have the same structure throughout the country, marking A before and after in the test Access. These changes are generating a lot of expectation and anxiety among students, extending the opinion that changes They have increased difficulty With regard to previous calls, in a demanding evidence. Uncertainty about How to develop The new structure of Pau is one of the main concerns among students, and the fear of the unknown has become the main protagonist of the classrooms a few days after the call. Unification and fears of the new exam model Pau 2025 is a change of structure in the access test that seeks Unify the exam model In all autonomous communities, with the objective of make more fair Access to the university, regardless of the community where the test is carried out. According to Diana Morant, Minister of Science, Innovation and Universities “is more agile, modern and adapts to society with the maximum academic rigor and guaranteeing the equal opportunities of all students in Spain.” Teachers have expressed concern that, although the exam format has been homogenized, the question of the question of the difficulty according to the community Autonomous, which could continue to generate inequalities. “The competences are transferred to the autonomous communities, and each community fixes a part of its own agenda. This makes a unique model very difficult to implement. (…) The test is organized decentralized, while the admission is unique. Even if you have to ask for a place in each university district, your note serves to enter any university of Spain,” He pointed out Javier Oubiña, Student Vice Chancellor and Employability of the Autonomous University of Madrid. However, one of the main fears of students is that this new format Increase the difficulty of the test and cause a generalized decrease in the notes. That could make access to races with the highest cut -off note and leave them in disadvantages with last year’s students. “If the notes go down a lot, it can put us at a disadvantage to enter the most demanded careers, since it is likely that those who presented the previous years have higher notes than what we are going to have. That, and the increase in the difficulty of the questions, is what overwhelms us the people of my course I have around me,” assured to The country Julia, a high school that prepares for the PAU. As He pointed out Carla Mora, 2nd high school student in Almería to Almería Diario “The changes should have already been made for students who are in 1st Baccalaureate this year and not for us that so far we have been working in a different way the test, that is, with the previous model. The novelties have been introduced to us suddenly.” Main changes in Pau 2025 One of the main News of the PAU 2025 It is the disappearance of the possibility of choosing between several optional questions. Now, all the questions included in the test are mandatory, although it will be possible to choose some questions or sections within the exercise itself. From the Ministry of Education it is warned that this “optionality will not imply being able to study less a agenda”, which forces students to prepare the complete content of each subject, and not to do without it as allowed the previous model. Another of the novelties that are worrying students is the change in the format of the questions. The new exam will combine exercises with closed tests type test, semi -constructed questions (such as filling spaces) and, the most controversial, open answers in which the student must develop the resolution process. In the latter it has been sought a more competence approach. That is, the student has understood the concept and not only memorized. They seek to evaluate creativity, critical thinking, reflection and maturity in resolution. With the arrival of the open format of the questions, the correction criteria are also modified. In them, not only will the correction of the response be assessed, but also coherence, cohesion, grammatical, lexical and spelling correction, as well as the presentation. Spelling failures will mean a 10% penalty of the score, according to the new guidelines. Both the fact of forcing students to prepare the entire age The most difficult in recent years. What has not changed in the 2025 PAU Despite the changes, some fundamental aspects of the PAU in 2025 remain the same as in previous calls. The test continues to be divided into two parts: a basic and mandatory, in which it is necessary to obtain at least 5 to access the university; and another volunteer, which allows you to add up to 4 additional points to try to improve the final grade. According What is indicated by the Ministrythe subjects of the mandatory part They are Castilian and Literature II language, foreign language II, History of Spain or Philosophy (to choose), and Co -official Language and Literature II in communities with their own language. The voluntary part includes at least two subjects of the Baccalaureate, History or Philosophy (the one that I did not choose for the mandatory phase), and a second foreign language (English, French, German, Italian or Portuguese). The final grade calculation system has not changed: 60% of the final grade corresponds to the average high school grade and the remaining 40% is provided by the note obtained in the PAU. That is, if in Baccalaureate an average grade of 7.5 has been obtained and in the Pau an 8, the final access note will be a 7.7 (Baccalaureate note x 0.6 + Pau note x 0.4). The time to perform each exam is maintained in 90 minutes, with 30 minutes of rest between tests. Students with educational support needs will have more time. In Xataka | For thousands of Spanish students, the challenge is not to overcome Pau and … Read more

The biggest Chinese chips is about to start production at 5 Nm. Your plan is to have the 3 Nm in 2026

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TO SMIC (Semiconductor manufacturing international corp), The largest Chinese semiconductor manufacturer has cost it more than two years to refine its most advanced integration technology what is necessary to produce integrated 5 Nm circuits. And he has not just traveled this path. Huawei has traveled it from the hand of Huawei. Dr. Kim, an expert in chips manufacturing who has worked in Samsung and currently investigating TSMC in the US, He maintains that SMIC It is about to start the production of 5 Nm chips. It is perfectly credible because, as we have just seen, we know with certainty that this company has been Working in this technology. And, in addition, Dr. Kim is a reliable source. However, this expert has pointed out something crucial that we should not overlook: the performance per wafer that SMIC has currently achieved in its 5 Nm nodes is less than 30%. When semiconductor manufacturers produce a chip wafer, some of those nuclei do not work properly. It is normal. And when they launch a new lithographic node, their performance by wafer usually has a wide margin, but little by little, as engineers refine their integration processes, this parameter improves. A mature lithography can deliver to integrated circuit manufacturers a very high performance, but an incipient technology usually moves in the orbit of 50% performance, so only half of the chips produced work correctly. SMIC 3 and 5 nm chips are possible thanks to the SAQP technique The problem is that for an integration technology to be profitable from an economic point of view, its performance by wafer has to be At least 70%. And, as we have just seen, Dr. Kim argues that the SMIC 5 NM node is below 30%. It is objectively a very poor performance, but we know what this low figure explains: the technique used by this manufacturer to produce these semiconductors. It is known as Multiple patterningand SMIC has used it for more than a year and a half to make 7 NM chips for Huawei and other customers. The 5 Nm chips that SMIC will manufacture for Huawei are possible thanks to a technology known as SAQP This strategy consists in transferring the pattern to the wafer in several passes with the purpose of increasing the resolution of the lithographic process. It works, but is responsible for wafer performance is clearly improvable. However, in all probability the integrated 5 Nm circuits that presumably SMIC will manufacture soon for Huawei are possible Thanks to a technology known as SAQP (Self-alledhed Quadruple Patterning), which is nothing more than a Multiple patterning more aggressive and sophisticated than the one used to manufacture the soc Kirin 9000s of 7 nm and other chips. A report published two days ago by the Taiwanese media Economic Daily News ensures that SMIC will start the manufacture of 3 Nm semiconductors equipped with GAA transistors (Gate-alall-around) For Huawei in 2026. However, this is not all. This article also maintains that this last company has already completed laboratory tests that pursue the manufacture of integrated circuits using carbon nanotubes. Huawei’s plan presumably is to give this innovation to SMIC to adapt it to large -scale production. The enormous effort that Huawei, SMIC and other Chinese companies involved in the design and manufacture of semiconductors are the result of their inability to access the equipment of extreme ultraviolet photolithography (UVE) produced by the Dutch company Asml Because of US sanctions. With these SMIC machines could make 3 and 5 nm chips delivering a performance by wafer similar to that they have achieved TSMC or Samsung. However, the need to produce these integrated circuits using deep ultraviolet equipment (UVP) of ASML, which are less sophisticated, forces them to resort to the SAQP technique. It works, as we have seen, but these companies lose a lot of competitiveness due to the poor performance by wafer and the high cost that this technology entails. More information | Economic Daily News In Xataka | The US has declared the total war on Huawei: he does not want him to sell his chips for the most advanced outside of China

Spain wants to reduce marine pollution and will start in an unsuspected place: the bathroom

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Spain adds this year 642 beaches with blue flag, four more than last year, According to the Association of Environmental and Consumer Education (Adeac). This badge, which recognizes the environmental quality, security and services of the coast, returns to place the country among world leaders. Even so, the figure represents only 18 % of the more than 3,500 beaches in the country, which shows a pending challenge. To face it, Spain has begun to move. A new plan is brewing. Rather, a new bill with The goal of reducing pollution For single -use plastics, where wet wipe manufacturers will be forced to assume cleaning costs derived from the improper use of these products. In addition, the initiative wants to prohibit citizens from discarding wipes by the toilet and release balloons in the air. With this measure, Spain seeks to align with European standards on single -use plastics and move towards the UN sustainable development objectives. A serious problem. Wet wipes, even those made of natural polymers without chemical modifications, generate an important environmental impact. Its resistance to decomposition causes obstructions in sewerage and purification systems, especially during periods of heavy rains, such as has detailed The Guardian. The microfibers that release reach rivers and seas, aggravating pollution and raising management costs for local authorities. Responsibility. The new law will force companies to take care not only for the cleaning of the waste they generate, but also of information campaigns. To control who should pay, manufacturers will have to officially register. Although biodegradable wipes would be exempt, the Ministry of Environment He has insisted In that it is best not to throw any for the wiper, to protect pipes and the environment. A very economical topic. A awareness campaign of the Spanish Water and Sanitation Supply Association I already estimated Six years ago, the withdrawal of these wipes was an annual cost of 230 million euros. Until now, economic consequences have fallen to public administrations. According to eldiario.esValencia had to invest 10 million euros in 2019 to clean a three -kilometer jam. In Badajoz, a similar athlete was a cost of 200,000 euros. Murcia encrypted in more than 250,000 euros the replacement of a damaged team at a treatment plant, while the repair of pumping equipment amounted to another 200,000 euros. Other countries already have the lead. Four years ago, both France, Germany, Belgium and England They prohibited use of single -use plastic products, following the EU guidelines. In addition, on the one hand, France a year later prohibited the use of plastic To package small fruits and vegetables. On the other hand, Germany and Belgium They have been developing A fund funded by single -use plastics manufacturers, who must contribute according to the amount of plastic they sell. This fund aims to cover the cleaning costs of public spaces and waste management, reinforcing the principle of “who pollutes, pays”. It does not start on the shore. While the bill continues its parliamentary processing, its effectiveness will depend much on the citizen response. Because the care of the beaches does not begin only on the coast, but in the daily habits of those who enjoy them. Image | Pexels and Marco Verch Xataka | If the question is whether there is an “invasion” of moths in Murcia, the answer is that of every year by these dates

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