The digital economy, the energy transition and a good part of advanced industry depends on a set of materials whose importance is only perceived when they are scarce. Governments classify them as critical minerals precisely because of their essential role and the fragility of their supply chains. This change in perception, from industrial resource to strategic asset, is reordering commercial decisions and international alliances. The step taken now by the United States and Mexico is part of that deeper transformation in how the materials that support contemporary technology are managed.
A clear objective. Both governments have announced the development of a bilateral Action Plan that will explore commercial and coordination tools aimed at mitigating risks in the supply of critical minerals. Beyond the technical content that has yet to be defined, the announcement itself indicates that the management of these raw materials has come to occupy an explicit place on the bilateral agenda between the two countries.
The detail. The announced framework describes an intention for cooperation, but does not yet establish its operational content. Both the minerals that will be included and the trade mechanisms that could be applied remain to be specified. This lack of precision is relevant: usual lists of strategic materials, like lithium or copperare part of the industrial and energy context in which the plan is discussed, but we will have to wait to know what elements will end up making up the pact.
Price floors. The proposal introduces an unusual instrument in the public debate: setting minimum values for certain imports to respond to “global market distortions” and reduce vulnerabilities in the supply chain. The idea appears linked to the resilience of these chains and considerations of economic and national security in the argument that accompanies critical minerals. Of course, its eventual application would be subject to subsequent agreements and its fit into international trade frameworks.
The agreement also emerges under the shadow of an unavoidable trade event: the review of the North American treaty shared by the United States, Mexico and Canada (T-MEC). The proximity of this process gives the plan additional meaning within the regional economic architecture. However, the information released about this bilateral initiative does not include mention of Canadian participation, a detail pointed out by Reuters that delimits the immediate scope of the ad.
It is not a static list. The concept of critical mineral describes a condition more than a closed catalog. United States energy legislation links them to economic or national security, the vulnerability of their supply chains and their indispensable role in the manufacture of products, as explained by the USGS. But that classification changes over time as technology, demand or external dependence evolve. Therefore, rather than a fixed list of materials, what is really at stake is the capacity of each economy to secure resources considered strategic at each industrial stage.
The board is moving. The bilateral agreement appears in parallel to a broader international deployment to reinforce supply chains considered strategic, with new frameworks and memoranda. But its reading does not end in that dimension. For Mexico, coordination opens a way to consolidate its role within the North American industry and attract projects linked to mining, processing or advanced manufacturing. The result is a two-way movement: an expanding global strategy and, at the same time, a redefinition of the place that Mexico can occupy in it.
Images | Dominic Vanyi + Nano Banana
In Xataka | Greenland has 1.5 million tons of rare earths. The problem is that there are no roads to get to them.
GIPHY App Key not set. Please check settings