Wildfires in Los Angeles have caused a worrying cloud of smoke that affects air quality in much of Southern California.
The density of the smoke not only causes discomfort, but also serious health risks for millions of residents.
Next, We explain the dangers of forest fire smoke and the measures you can take to minimize its effects.
Why is wildfire smoke so dangerous?
Smoke generated by forest fires contains a mixture of toxic gases and tiny particles, known as PM2.5, that represent a serious risk to human health. These particles are so small that They can penetrate deep into the lungs and even reach the bloodstream, causing systemic damage.
According to the World Health Organization (WHO), prolonged exposure to these particles can:
* Aggravate respiratory diseasessuch as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
* Increase the risk of cardiovascular diseases, including heart attacks and strokes.
* Contribute to premature deaths.
Besides, urban fires, where synthetic materials are also burned, release chemicals, such as cyanide and carbon dioxide, which aggravate pollution.
Who are the most affected?
Although smoke affects the entire population, certain groups are particularly vulnerable:
1) Children: Their lungs are fully developing and their faster breathing rate exposes them to absorbing more pollutants. This can cause inflammation, coughing, and worsening of conditions such as asthma. According to Dr. Lisa Patel, a professor at Stanford Children’s Health, wildfire smoke is up to 10 times more toxic to children than other sources of pollution.
2) Seniors: The immune system of the elderly is less efficient, making them more prone to respiratory and cardiovascular complications caused by smoke exposure.
3) People with pre-existing conditions: Individuals with asthma, COPD, heart disease or diabetes face a higher risk of serious complications. Fine particles can worsen your conditions and increase the risk of hospitalizations.
4) Pregnant women: Exposure to smoke can cross the placenta and affect the developing fetus, increasing the risk of premature birth, low birth weight and maternal complications such as hypertension and preeclampsia.
How does it affect air quality in Southern California?
More than 17 million people in Southern California are under alert due to wildfire smoke. In some areas near the fires, the air quality index (AQI) has exceeded 170 points, considered dangerous for the health of the general population.
Even tens of kilometers away, in places like Long Beach or Rancho Palos Verdes, The AQI has reached unhealthy levels for sensitive groups. Strong winds also contribute to transporting smoke to more distant areas, amplifying the impact.
How to protect yourself from forest fire smoke?
To minimize the risks of smoke, follow these recommendations:
1) Stay indoors
* Close doors and windows to prevent smoke from entering.
* Use air conditioning systems or air purifiers with HEPA filters. These devices are effective at reducing particles in indoor air.
* Create a safe room in your home with an air purifier, especially if there are children, the elderly or people with respiratory conditions.
2) Avoid activities that pollute indoor air
*Do not use candles, incense or gas stoves.
*Do not vacuum, as this can raise dust and fine particles.
3) Wear masks when going out
* Opt for N95 or P-100 masks, that filter fine particles. Surgical or cloth masks are not effective against PM2.5.
4) Protect children
* Keep the children inside the house as much as possible.
* Children over 2 years old they must wear a tight-fitting mask if they have to go out.
5) Handle ashes safely
*Wear protective clothing, Gloves and glasses when cleaning ashes.
* Moisten ashes before sweeping to prevent them from dispersing into the air.
* Discard the ashes in sealed plastic bags.
6) Monitor air quality
* Consult interactive maps and air quality alerts, such as those from the AQMD, to find out the conditions in your area.
* Download apps or sign up to receive notifications.
7) Plan for future emergencies
* Stock up on masks and air filters.
* Have an emergency kit with essential medications and drinking water.
* Make sure you have fire extinguishers and know how to use them.
What to do if you can’t avoid smoke?
If, despite your efforts, symptoms such as eye irritation, difficulty breathing, or persistent cough continue, Consider finding temporary shelter where the air quality is better. Many communities offer public spaces with filtered air, such as libraries or community centers.
Keep reading:
* Fires in Los Angeles: Can sea water be used to fight fire?
* Fires in Los Angeles: 3 reasons why they could not be put out
* “Firenado”: The shocking fire tornado that formed in one of the fires in Los Angeles