divide Spain into three price areas for light

It has been a month since a mass blackout left millions without electricity on the peninsula. What caused it It is not yet clear. What has emerged again is an uncomfortable question for the electrical system: should you continue working with a single price zone?

The current model. The blackout made it clear that the current model of a single price zone does not always conform to how electricity is generated, transported and consumed. Following this, proposals have sounded again They ask to review the price fixing system. Among them, a strength gains: divide the territory into several areas with differentiated prices, as already do other European countries.

The Nord Pool case. One of the most cited examples, the electrical market of the Nordic and Baltic countries. This system divide its territory In offer areas (Bidding Zones), which may have different prices based on local generation availability, demand and capacity limitations in the transport network.

In other words, if there is abundant renewable generation in an area (for example, in northern Norway) and very remote demand (for example, in southern Sweden), but the transport network between the two is congested, the price of electricity will be lower in the generating and higher area in the consumer. This difference pushes batteries where it is already consumed to improve the network where it collapses. According to Nord Pool’s own official siteprices are calculated every day depending on the balance of supply and demand in each area, taking into account the physical restrictions of the system. The result is a more realistic market, where prices are not artificially uniform and bottlenecks are directly reflected in the price.

And is it possible in Spain? The proposal to divide in several areas has not been officially raised by the Government or by Red Electric (REE). Even so, the imbalance is evident: Much of the renewable generation is concentrated in rural areas of the southern and interior (such as Andalusia, Castilla-La Mancha or Aragon), while consumption triggers mostly on the Mediterranean axis and in Madrid. This asymmetry generates bottlenecks, cost overruns and, as has been seen in the blackout, critical vulnerabilities.

In fact, Spain could be pressed to change its model if these structural limitations persist. Besides, Ree report data On the electrical system they show that only in 2024, the cost of adjustment services – which include redisarking and other measures to balance the network – amounted to 2,668 million euros. These costs represented 15 % of the final average price of energy, with an impact of € 11.43/MWh. That is, they are invisible cost overruns for the consumer, but that could be reduced if the system offered more realistic and differentiated price signals.

Future scenarios. The recent electrical crisis has only underlined a reality that many experts have not been warning: the Spanish electrical system, as designed, is not able to absorb renewable growth No structural adjustments. The question about whether we must move from a single price zone to a zonal model is not only technical, but deeply political and territorial.

Faced with a model that artificially uniforms prices and hides network imbalances, a well -designed zoning could become a useful tool to direct investments, reduce system costs and increase their resilience. But it also raises a complex political challenge: how to explain to a community that its electricity will be more expensive than that of another region? How to guarantee that the transition is fair and that does not increase territorial inequalities?

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